How to Implement Network Interact Different in NS2

To implement interactions amongst various networks in NS2 (Network Simulator 2), you need to replicate two or more unique networks and make sure they can communicate or interact with one another. This can involve various sub-networks with changing protocols, set ups, or even multiple topologies.

There are numerous vital concepts and strategies you might want to execute when simulating various networks interacting in NS2:

  1. Interconnection between Sub-networks: Linking two or more separate networks over a gateway or router.
  2. Inter-network Protocols: Use of different routing protocols or configurations across networks, making certain they can still direct packets amongst them.
  3. Heterogeneous Networks: Replicating various types of networks (like wireless, wired) and permitting them to communicate.
  4. Bridge, Gateway, or Router Configuration: Configuring a bridge, gateway, or router to consent communication amongst discrete sub-networks.

Below is a step-by-step guide to implementing different networks that interact in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Set Up NS2 Environment

Make certain that you have installed and configured the ns2 on your computer and follow the typical installation process if not already done.

  1. Design and Define the Topologies for Different Networks

2.1. Create Two Different Networks

You can generate two separate networks with discrete topologies (such as one wired and one wireless network), and then links them using a router or gateway.

Example Topology:

  • Network 1: A wired network with three nodes (Node 0, Node 1, Node 2) connected through a router.
  • Network 2: A wireless network with two nodes (Node 3, Node 4) linked to a base station.

2.2. Implement Network 1 (Wired) and Network 2 (Wireless)

Example OTcl Script:

# Create the simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Open the NAM trace file

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $nf

# Wired Network (Network 1)

# Create wired nodes

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

# Create links between wired nodes

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail

# Wireless Network (Network 2)

# Create the wireless topology

set opt(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel    ;# Channel type

set opt(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround   ;# Propagation model

set opt(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy            ;# Wireless PHY

set opt(mac)    Mac/802_11                 ;# MAC protocol

set opt(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue    ;# Interface queue

set opt(ll)     LL                         ;# Link layer

set opt(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna        ;# Antenna type

set opt(ifqlen) 50                         ;# Max packet length

set opt(adhocRouting) DSDV                 ;# Ad hoc routing protocol

# Define wireless nodes

set n3 [$ns node]

$n3 set X_ 200 ;# Position of node 3

$n3 set Y_ 200

$n3 set Z_ 0

set n4 [$ns node]

$n4 set X_ 250 ;# Position of node 4

$n4 set Y_ 250

$n4 set Z_ 0

# Interconnecting Networks (Router)

# Create a router that connects both wired and wireless networks

set router [$ns node]

# Connect the wired network to the router

$ns duplex-link $n2 $router 1Mb 10ms DropTail

# Connect the wireless network to the router

$ns duplex-link $n3 $router 1Mb 10ms DropTail

# Define Traffic Patterns

# Define a TCP agent and attach it to node 0 in the wired network

set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0

set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $n4 $sink0

$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0

# Define a UDP agent and attach it to node 3 in the wireless network

set udp3 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n3 $udp3

set sink3 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink3

$ns connect $udp3 $sink3

# Start sending traffic at different times

$ns at 1.0 “$tcp0 send 1000”

$ns at 2.0 “$udp3 send 500”

# Run simulation

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns nf

$ns flush-trace

close $nf

exit 0

}

$ns run

  1. Configure Routing Between Different Networks

To make sure that various networks can interact, you will need to set up the routing protocols appropriately. NS2 supports numerous routing protocols like AODV, DSDV, and DSR for wireless networks, and static routing for wired networks.

3.1. Use Static Routing for the Wired Network

Static routing can be stated using OTcl commands. For instance, you can set up a static route amongst nodes in the wired network as follows:

$n0 set rtable_ [open n0_table r]

$n2 set rtable_ [open n2_table r]

3.2. Dynamic Routing for the Wireless Network

For the wireless network, you can use dynamic routing protocols like AODV or DSR. This is already stated when configuring the wireless topology. For instance, using DSDV for ad hoc routing:

set opt(adhocRouting) DSDV

  1. Implement Gateways or Routers

Gateways or routers can be integrated of two various kinds of networks, permitting traffic to flow amongst them. The router you generate amongst the wired and wireless networks requires to forward packets amongst the two types of networks.

You can state packet forwarding rules in the C++ code for routers in NS2 by altering the queue.cc or mac.cc files if you need to execute latest forwarding actions.

4.1. Simulate Traffic between Networks

The OTcl script above states traffic amongst a wired node and a wireless node through a common router. You can modify the amount of nodes and the traffic types (TCP, UDP) to replicate more advanced traffic patterns amongst various networks.

  1. Heterogeneous Network Communication

If the networks are heterogeneous (such as using various link technologies or bandwidths), you need to make certain that the link characteristics are appropriately modeled. For instance:

  • Different Bandwidths: Wired network links might have higher bandwidth (such as 1 Gbps) compared to wireless networks (e.g., 100 Mbps). You can fine-tune the link speeds in the OTcl script.
  • Different Propagation Delays: Wired links usually have lower propagation delays compared to wireless links.

# Wired link

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Gb 2ms DropTail

# Wireless link

$ns duplex-link $n3 $router 100Mb 10ms DropTail

  1. Analyzing the Simulation

After running the simulation, visualize the interaction amongst the two networks by using NAM (Network Animator). This will help you make sure that the nodes from various networks are able to interact via the shared router or gateway.

nam out.nam

You can also inspect the trace files produced by NS2 to assess packet flow, delays, throughput, and other metrics over both networks.

  1. Optional Enhancements

Here are some enhancements you can execute to extend the difficulty of the simulation:

  • Mobile Nodes in Wireless Network: Include mobility to the wireless nodes to imitate dynamic modifications in the topology.
  • QoS between Networks: Prioritize traffic amongst different networks by executing quality of service (QoS) policies.
  • Multicast Communication: Use protocols like PIM or DVMRP to accomplish multicast communication among the wired and wireless networks.

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