How to Implement Network Interoperability in NS2

To implement the Network Interoperability in NS2, it has the potential of various network systems, protocols or technologies to cooperate effortlessly. It can be done by replicating interaction amongst nodes that utilize various protocols or belong to multiple network kinds (for instance: Wi-Fi, Ethernet, MANET). The intent is to prototype how various network protocols interact and how data is transferred through heterogeneous networks.

The given procedure will help you implement the interoperability using ns2:

Key Concepts for Simulating Network Interoperability in NS2:

  1. Multiple Network Types: Nodes belong to various networks like wired (Ethernet) and wireless (Wi-Fi), or various ad hoc networks.
  2. Protocol Interoperability: Nodes use various protocols (for example: TCP, UDP, AODV, DSDV) to interact and interoperate.
  3. Gateways or Bridges: A gateway node is accountable for permitting communication amongst various network kinds or protocols.
  4. Cross-network Communication: Data is transferred over network boundaries, and protocol conversion may be needed to ensure compatibility.

Steps to Implement Network Interoperability in NS2

  1. Define Multiple Network Types: Configure wired and wireless networks or various ad hoc networks with nodes that use various protocols.
  2. Establish Gateway or Bridge Nodes: Use a node that behaves like a gateway amongst various networks or protocols, translating data as essential.
  3. Simulate Cross-Network Communication: Enable communication amongst nodes in various networks, making sure that data can flow through networks with multiple protocols.
  4. Analyze Interoperability: Verify how data flows amidst networks and if there are any issues with compatibility, data loss, or latency.

Example: Simulating Network Interoperability Between Wired and Wireless Networks in NS2

In this instance, we will simulate a basic scenario that has a wired network and a wireless network communicate over a gateway node. The wired network uses TCP, while the wireless network uses UDP, and the gateway facilitates the interoperability amongst these numerous protocols.

Step 1: Define Wired and Wireless Networks

# Define the simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define trace and nam files for output

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

set namfile [open out.nam w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Define a ‘finish’ procedure to end the simulation and visualize in NAM

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Set up the topography for the simulation area

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000

# Wired network parameters

$ns node-config -wiredRouting ON \

-llType LL \

-macType Mac/802_3 \

-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

-channelType Channel/Wired

# Wireless network parameters (Wi-Fi)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \

-llType LL \

-macType Mac/802_11 \

-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \

-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \

-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel

# Create nodes for the wired network

set wired_node1 [$ns node]   ;# Wired node 1

set wired_node2 [$ns node]   ;# Wired node 2

# Create nodes for the wireless network

set wireless_node1 [$ns node]   ;# Wireless node 1

set wireless_node2 [$ns node]   ;# Wireless node 2

# Set node positions for NAM visualization

$wired_node1 set X_ 100; $wired_node1 set Y_ 500; $wired_node1 set Z_ 0

$wired_node2 set X_ 200; $wired_node2 set Y_ 500; $wired_node2 set Z_ 0

$wireless_node1 set X_ 500; $wireless_node1 set Y_ 500; $wireless_node1 set Z_ 0

$wireless_node2 set X_ 600; $wireless_node2 set Y_ 500; $wireless_node2 set Z_ 0

Step 2: Define a Gateway Node to Facilitate Interoperability

The gateway node will be linked to both the wired and wireless networks and will facilitate communication amongst nodes in various networks.

# Create a gateway node that connects both wired and wireless networks

set gateway_node [$ns node]

# Set gateway node position for NAM visualization

$gateway_node set X_ 300; $gateway_node set Y_ 500; $gateway_node set Z_ 0

# Create duplex links between the gateway and wired nodes

$ns duplex-link $gateway_node $wired_node1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $gateway_node $wired_node2 1Mb 10ms DropTail

Step 3: Define Communication for Wired and Wireless Networks

# Attach TCP agents for communication in the wired network

set tcp_wired [new Agent/TCP]

set sink_wired [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $wired_node1 $tcp_wired

$ns attach-agent $wired_node2 $sink_wired

$ns connect $tcp_wired $sink_wired

# Attach UDP agents for communication in the wireless network

set udp_wireless [new Agent/UDP]

set null_wireless [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $wireless_node1 $udp_wireless

$ns attach-agent $wireless_node2 $null_wireless

$ns connect $udp_wireless $null_wireless

# Start communication in the wired network (TCP communication)

set ftp_wired [new Application/FTP]

$ftp_wired attach-agent $tcp_wired

$ftp_wired start 1.0

$ftp_wired stop 5.0

# Start communication in the wireless network (UDP communication)

set cbr_wireless [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr_wireless attach-agent $udp_wireless

$cbr_wireless set packetSize_ 512

$cbr_wireless set interval_ 0.2

$cbr_wireless start 2.0

$cbr_wireless stop 6.0

Step 4: Simulate Cross-Network Communication via the Gateway

# Simulate cross-network communication via the gateway node

proc cross_network_communication {src dst protocol} {

puts “Cross-network communication initiated between $src and $dst using $protocol protocol.”

if { $protocol == “TCP” } {

set tcp_cross [new Agent/TCP]

set sink_cross [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $src $tcp_cross

$ns attach-agent $dst $sink_cross

$ns connect $tcp_cross $sink_cross

# Start the TCP communication

set ftp_cross [new Application/FTP]

$ftp_cross attach-agent $tcp_cross

$ftp_cross start 3.0

$ftp_cross stop 7.0

} elseif { $protocol == “UDP” } {

set udp_cross [new Agent/UDP]

set null_cross [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $src $udp_cross

$ns attach-agent $dst $null_cross

$ns connect $udp_cross $null_cross

# Start the UDP communication

set cbr_cross [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr_cross attach-agent $udp_cross

$cbr_cross set packetSize_ 512

$cbr_cross set interval_ 0.1

$cbr_cross start 4.0

$cbr_cross stop 8.0

}

}

# Schedule cross-network communication between wired_node1 and wireless_node1

$ns at 3.0 “cross_network_communication $wired_node1 $wireless_node1 TCP”

$ns at 4.0 “cross_network_communication $wired_node2 $wireless_node2 UDP”

Step 5: Schedule the End of the Simulation

# Schedule the end of the simulation

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Explanation of the Script

  1. Network Setup: We configure both a wired network and a wireless network with nodes using various communication protocols. The wired network uses TCP, and the wireless network uses UDP.
  2. Gateway Node: A gateway node links both the wired and wireless networks, assisting interoperability amidst them. This node facilitates interaction amongst nodes from various networks.
  3. Cross-Network Communication: We replicate communication across networks by permitting nodes from the wired network to interact with nodes from the wireless network through the gateway. Different protocols (TCP and UDP) are used for cross-network communication.
  4. Traffic Simulation: We imitate FTP traffic in the wired network and CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic in the wireless network. The gateway enables interoperability by allowing data to flow amongst networks using different protocols.

Run the Simulation

Store the script as network_interoperability.tcl and execute it using:

ns network_interoperability.tcl

This will produce a trace file (out.tr) and a NAM file (out.nam). The trace file stores the packet transmissions, and the NAM file permits you to visualize the network topology and the interaction between wired and wireless networks.

Visualize the Simulation in NAM

To visualize the simulation in NAM, use the given command:

nam out.nam

In NAM, you will monitor the interaction amongst the wired and wireless networks across the gateway node, as well as the communication amidst nodes using various protocols.

Advanced Features for Interoperability Simulation

  1. Protocol Conversion: Replicate protocol conversion at the gateway, where data from TCP is converted to UDP or vice versa to make sure seamless communication amongst various networks.
  2. Multiple Networks: Attach more advanced networks like cellular networks, satellite networks or MANET and prototype how various technologies can interoperate by extending the simulation.
  3. Error Handling: Launch errors or packet drops during cross-network communication and replicate how the network recuperates from such problems.
  4. Security: Include security functionalities at the gateway to make sure secure communication between different network variants.
  5. QoS and Performance: Assess how network performance and Quality of Service (QoS) are influenced when data flows amongst networks with various potential or protocols.

This set up will walk you through the overall implementation and evaluation of Interoperability in the network simulation using ns2 tool by defining the wired and wireless networks and linking to the gateway node which includes example snippets. If you need any additional details, we will deliver it to you. If you’re looking to achieve network interoperability using the NS2 tool, our experts are here to assist you by providing detailed insights into your network performance.