How to Implement Network Scalable Parameterization in NS2

To  implement Network scalable parameterization in NS2 has series of steps to follow and it is defined to the ability to describe the performance metrics in a way that enables easy scaling of the network simulation, like an increasing the number of nodes, traffic flows, or other parameters without significantly altering the core simulation logic. This is specifically useful when conducting the replication of large-scale networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) or Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs), in which the scalability of the simulation is vital for, assess the network performance. Below is the implementation procedure to Network scalable parameterization in NS2:

Key Aspects of Network Scalable Parameterization

  1. Dynamic Node Creation: The number of nodes should be flexible and easily modified.
  2. Traffic Generation: The traffic generation should be parameterized to scale based on the network size.
  3. Area Size and Density: The size of the network area should be modified to sustain a reasonable node density.
  4. Routing and MAC Protocols: These should also be flexible to manage changing node numbers and topologies.

Steps to Implement Network Scalable Parameterization in NS2

We will execute scalable parameterization by:

  1. Defining global parameters that regulate the number of nodes, traffic sources, area size, and simulation time.
  2. Generating loops and functions to enthusiastically cause nodes and traffic flows according these parameters.
  3. Modifying the topology and traffic density as the number of nodes increases.
  1. Set up NS2 Environment

Make sure NS2 is installed and configured properly. We will build scalable simulation frameworks that can be easily modified for diverse scales of the network.

  1. Create a TCL Script for Scalable Network Simulation

Below is an instance TCL script that will show how to implement network scalable parameterization by enthusiastically generating nodes, traffic sources, and modifying the simulation area.

Example TCL Script for Scalable Network Parameterization:

# Create a new NS2 simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Open trace and NAM output files

set tracefile [open scalable_network.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open scalable_network.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Define scalable network parameters

set num_nodes 50;# Number of nodes (can be scaled up)

set area_size_x 1000;# X-dimension of the simulation area (can be scaled)

set area_size_y 1000;# Y-dimension of the simulation area (can be scaled)

set num_traffic_sources 10;# Number of traffic sources (can be scaled)

set simulation_time 100.0;# Duration of the simulation

# Define wireless network parameters

set val(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel

set val(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround

set val(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna

set val(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy

set val(mac)    Mac/802_11

set val(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue

set val(ifqlen) 50

set val(ll)     LL

set val(rp)     AODV                       ;# Use AODV routing protocol

# Create topography for the network

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $area_size_x $area_size_y

# Configure node parameters

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON

# Create nodes dynamically based on the num_nodes parameter

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_nodes} {incr i} {

set node($i) [$ns node]

# Randomly assign positions to nodes within the area size

set x_pos [expr rand() * $area_size_x]

set y_pos [expr rand() * $area_size_y]

$node($i) set X_ $x_pos

$node($i) set Y_ $y_pos

$node($i) set Z_ 0

}

# Create traffic sources dynamically based on the num_traffic_sources parameter

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_traffic_sources} {incr i} {

set src_node [expr $i % $num_nodes]        ;# Traffic source is cyclically chosen from nodes

set dst_node [expr ($i + 1) % $num_nodes]  ;# Destination is next node

# Create a UDP agent for the source node

set udp($i) [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node($src_node) $udp($i)

# Create a Null agent for the destination node (to sink traffic)

set null($i) [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node($dst_node) $null($i)

# Connect the UDP agent to the Null agent

$ns connect $udp($i) $null($i)

# Create CBR traffic over the UDP agent

set cbr($i) [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr($i) set packetSize_ 512

$cbr($i) set rate_ 1Mb

$cbr($i) attach-agent $udp($i)

# Schedule traffic start and stop times

set start_time [expr rand() * 5]  ;# Random start time between 0 and 5 seconds

set stop_time [expr $simulation_time – 10] ;# Stop 10 seconds before simulation ends

$ns at $start_time “$cbr($i) start”

$ns at $stop_time “$cbr($i) stop”

}

# Schedule simulation end

$ns at $simulation_time “finish”

# Finish procedure to close trace and NAM files

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam scalable_network.nam &

exit 0

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Explanation of Key Components
  • Scalable Parameters:
    • num_nodes: Controls how many nodes are generated. we can scale this metrics to mimic larger or smaller networks.
    • num_traffic_sources: Controls how many traffic sources (CBR) are generated. This parameter scales the traffic load.
    • area_size_x and area_size_y: These key parametric describe the size of the simulation area. We can upsurge the area size to accommodate more nodes since sustaining reasonable node density.
    • simulation_time: Controls the overall simulation duration.
  • Dynamic Node Creation: for loop enthusiastically generates nodes and places them randomly within the defined area.
  • Traffic Generation: Traffic is created among random pairs of nodes using UDP and CBR applications. The number of traffic sources can be scaled up or down according to the num_traffic_sources parameter.
  • Random Start Times: Traffic flows initiate at random times within the first 5 seconds that mimics a more realistic scenario in which traffic does not initiate consecutively.
  1. Run the Simulation

Save the script as scalable_network.tcl and executed it in NS2:

ns scalable_network.tcl

Once the simulation completes, we can envision the network using NAM:

nam scalable_network.nam

  1. Scaling the Network

We can certainly scale this simulation by varying the values of key parameters:

  • Increase the number of nodes: Set num_nodes to a higher value (e.g., 100, 500, 1000).
  • Increase the traffic sources: Set num_traffic_sources to a higher value to mimic more traffic in the network.
  • Adjust the simulation area: Increase area_size_x and area_size_y to deliver more space for additional nodes though maintaining network density.
  1. Advanced Features for Scalable Simulations

We can expand this scalable framework with additional features:

  • Variable Data Rates: Establish variable data rates for traffic sources to replicate different types of traffic such as video, voice, and file transfer.
  • Mobility: Add mobility models such as Random Waypoint to replicate dynamic networks in which nodes move over time.
  • Network Protocols: Test with diverse routing protocols such as DSR, OLSR, DSDV to validate network scalability in diverse conditions.
  • Performance Metrics: Add mechanisms to evaluate parameters such as throughput, packet loss, latency, and jitter by way of the network scales.

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