How to Implement Satellite Constellations B5G in NS2

To implement satellite constellations for beyond 5G (B5G) in NS2 has needs to mimic the satellite communication networks although integrating B5G (6G-like) characteristics like ultra-low latency, high capacity, and intelligent networking. In B5G, satellite constellations play a vital role in allowing global coverage and supporting varied communication needs, that has IoT, URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication), and improved mobile broadband (eMBB).

Below is a procedure on how to implement satellite constellations for B5G in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Understand the Requirements of B5G Satellite Networks

Low-Latency Communications: B5G demands ultra-low latency, that needs efficient routing and fast satellite handovers.
High Capacity: B5G supports massive MIMO, terahertz communication, and more bandwidth per link.
Satellite Mobility: Satellites in LEO (Low Earth Orbit) constellations needs dynamic routing and mobility support.
Inter-Satellite Links (ISL): Satellites in the constellation communicate with each other across ISLs.
Ground-to-Satellite Links: Efficient communication among ground stations and satellites is vital.

Modify NS2 for Satellite Support

NS2 does not directly support satellite communications, so we need to expand its functionality by:

Customizing Node Mobility: To mimic satellite movement in orbits (e.g., LEO) by evolving a custom mobility model.
Inter-Satellite and Ground-to-Satellite Links: Execute inter-satellite communication (ISL) and satellite-to-ground station communication using wireless channels.
B5G Features: Integrate intelligent routing, network slicing, and resource management as part of the B5G satellite network.

Define Satellite Mobility Model

Orbital Dynamics: Satellite nodes must follow orbital paths, either in circular or elliptical orbits. We can execute these orbits in NS2 by tailoring the mobility model.
Execute the satellite movement in a custom C++ class to update the satellite’s position at each simulation time step.

// C++ code for satellite movement

void SatelliteMobility::updatePosition(double time) {

// LEO Satellite example

double altitude = 550; // Altitude in km

double inclination = 53; // Orbital inclination in degrees

double angular_velocity = sqrt(G * EARTH_MASS / pow(altitude + EARTH_RADIUS, 3)); // Orbital speed

// Update satellite position based on the orbit

position.x = cos(angular_velocity * time) * (altitude + EARTH_RADIUS);

position.y = sin(angular_velocity * time) * (altitude + EARTH_RADIUS) * cos(inclination);

}

For each satellite, update the position according to its orbital parameters like altitude, inclination, and speed.

Inter-Satellite and Ground-to-Satellite Links

Inter-Satellite Links (ISL): Satellites communicate with each other using ISLs, that can be modelled as high-speed wireless links. Adjust the wireless model to support long-range communication among satellites.
Ground-to-Satellite Links: These links are used to interact among satellites and ground stations (nodes on the Earth’s surface). Configure these links using wireless channels in NS2.

# Define a wireless channel for ISL

set wireless_channel [new Channel/WirelessChannel]

# Create satellite nodes

set satellite1 [$ns node]

set satellite2 [$ns node]

# Create ground station node

set ground_station [$ns node]

# Set wireless channel for satellites and ground station

$satellite1 set channel_ $wireless_channel

$satellite2 set channel_ $wireless_channel

$ground_station set channel_ $wireless_channel

Routing Protocol for Satellite Networks

Execute or modify a dynamic routing protocol that supports satellite mobility and fast handover among satellites. In a B5G network, routing protocols should selects low-latency and high-reliability paths.
Use a Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) method for handling disturbances because of satellite mobility. Otherwise, adjust AODV or DSR to account for satellite-specific metrics like latency and bandwidth.

Example for dynamic routing between satellites:

if (link->latency < max_latency && link->bandwidth > min_bandwidth) {

// Select the best route

}

Incorporate B5G Traffic Types (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC)

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): Mimic high-bandwidth applications like 4K/8K video streaming over satellite links.
Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC): Select low-latency and reliable communication, that is required for real-time applications such as telemedicine or autonomous systems.
Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC): To design massive IoT traffic, in which a large number of devices interact with the network.

Use the appropriate traffic models for each of these:

# eMBB Traffic: High bandwidth CBR

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

set null [new Agent/Null]

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$ns attach-agent $satellite1 $udp

$ns attach-agent $ground_station $null

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 1500

$cbr set rate_ 10Mb ;# eMBB traffic

$ns connect $udp $null

Implement B5G Features

Network Slicing: Segment the satellite network into slices, each supporting a different traffic type like one slice for eMBB, another for URLLC. This can be modelled by generating diverse routing paths and prioritizing traffic types.
Resource Allocation: Execute intelligent resource allocation mechanisms that enthusiastically allocate bandwidth, power, and processing resources to different slices.
Edge Computing: B5G incorporates satellite edge computing, in which satellites can perform data processing. We can emulate this by establish processing delays and data aggregation functions at satellite nodes.

Handover Mechanism

In a satellite network, ground stations essential to handover connections among satellites by way of they move. Execute a fast handover mechanism that make sure seamless communication when the satellite leaves the coverage area of the ground station or other satellites.
Update the routing tables enthusiastically according to satellite movement to prevent dropped packets during handovers.

// C++ code for handling handover

void SatelliteNode::handoverToNextSatellite() {

if (current_satellite->isLeavingCoverage()) {

next_satellite = findNextSatellite();

// Update routes to the new satellite

updateRoutingTable(next_satellite);

}

Example Tcl Script for Satellite Constellations and B5G Integration

# Create simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create wireless channel for satellite communication

set wireless_channel [new Channel/WirelessChannel]

# Define satellite nodes

set satellite1 [$ns node]

set satellite2 [$ns node]

set satellite3 [$ns node]

# Define ground stations

set ground_station1 [$ns node]

set ground_station2 [$ns node]

# Assign wireless channel to nodes

$satellite1 set channel_ $wireless_channel

$satellite2 set channel_ $wireless_channel

$satellite3 set channel_ $wireless_channel

$ground_station1 set channel_ $wireless_channel

$ground_station2 set channel_ $wireless_channel

# Set mobility model (custom satellite mobility for B5G constellation)

$satellite1 set mobility_ “SatelliteMobility”

$satellite2 set mobility_ “SatelliteMobility”

$satellite3 set mobility_ “SatelliteMobility”

# Create UDP agent for eMBB traffic

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $satellite1 $udp1

$ns attach-agent $ground_station1 $null1

# Create CBR application for eMBB

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp1

$cbr set packetSize_ 1500

$cbr set rate_ 10Mb ;# eMBB traffic rate

$ns connect $udp1 $null1

# Start simulation

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”

$ns at 100.0 “finish”

$ns run

Analysis and Validation

Gather parameters like throughput, latency, packet loss, and handover success rates.
Use trace files and post-simulation analysis tools to check the network’s performance in B5G traffic conditions.

In this setup we had clearly gather information on how to setup the simulation and how to replicate the satellite constellation in B5G network using ns2 tool. We will offer insights into the implementation of the satellite constellations for beyond 5G in diverse simulation scenarios. We offer top project ideas and topics, along with network comparison results. If you want to implement Satellite Constellations B5G using the NS2 tool, reach out to the ns2project.com team for personalized help.