How to Calculate Network Compliance in NS2
To calculate the Network Compliance in NS2, we need to make certain that the network adheres to specified rules, protocols, performance benchmarks or security rules. It can be assessed by observing the activities of network nodes, the kinds of traffic flowing over the network and verifying if they conform to the accomplished strategies or standards. It includes evaluating bandwidth utilization, access control, Quality of Service (QoS) rules and other network constraints.
Steps to Simulate and Calculate Network Compliance in NS2
To calculate network compliance in NS2, follow these provided steps:
- Set Up the NS2 Simulation with Compliance Monitoring
First, build the network scenario as well as the network topology, traffic flows, and compliance rules (like bandwidth limits, authorized communication, QoS parameters and so on). Then, use NS2’s trace file mechanism to log all network behaviors for further analysis.
Example NS2 Script for Compliance Monitoring
# Create NS2 simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator]
# Open trace file for logging network events
set tracefile [open compliance_trace.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
# Define network nodes
set node1 [$ns node] ;# Node 1 (Client)
set node2 [$ns node] ;# Node 2 (Gateway)
set node3 [$ns node] ;# Node 3 (Server)
# Create duplex links between nodes
$ns duplex-link $node1 $node2 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $node2 $node3 1Mb 10ms DropTail
# Set up UDP traffic from node1 to node3 via node2
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node1 $udp0
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $node3 $null0
$ns connect $udp0 $null0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.01
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
# Start and stop traffic
$ns at 0.5 “$cbr0 start”
$ns at 4.5 “$cbr0 stop”
# End simulation
$ns at 5.0 “finish”
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
exit 0
}
# Run the simulation
$ns run
Explanation:
- Trace File: The trace file compliance_trace.tr logs all network events like packet transmissions, receptions, and drops.
- Traffic Setup: UDP traffic is created from node1 to node3 through node2.
- Simulation Logging: All network actions are logged in the trace file, which will be used to verify compliance from the predefined rules.
- Define Compliance Rules
Configure particular compliance rules that your network must adhere to. Frequent compliance metrics include:
- Bandwidth usage: Each node or link should not surpass a specified bandwidth limit.
- Authorized access: Only certain nodes are permitted to interact with particular destinations.
- QoS parameters: Make certain that the network meets Quality of Service (QoS) demands like low latency or guaranteed throughput.
- Security rules: Make sure that traffic complies with security protocols (like no unauthorized access).
- Analyze the Trace File for Compliance
The trace file captures all events that happen during the simulation. You can assess this trace file using AWK or similar tools to compute compliance metrics like bandwidth usage, packet loss, unauthorized access, and QoS violations.
- Calculate Key Compliance Metrics
Bandwidth Compliance
To calculate if the bandwidth utilize complies with the restrictions, you can sum the size of the packets transmitted by each node and relate it with the permissible bandwidth.
Here’s an AWK script to measure bandwidth usage and confirm for violations:
awk ‘
{
if ($1 == “+” && $3 == “node1”) { # Traffic sent from node1
total_bytes_sent += $6; # Sum the size of the transmitted packets
}
}
END {
max_bandwidth = 1000000; # Maximum allowed bandwidth in bytes
if (total_bytes_sent > max_bandwidth) {
print “Bandwidth Compliance Violated: Node 1 exceeded bandwidth limit”;
} else {
print “Bandwidth Compliance Maintained”;
}
}’ compliance_trace.tr
This script estimates the total traffic from node1 and checks if it surpasses a bandwidth restrictions (e.g., 1 MB).
Throughput Compliance
Throughput is a key compliance metric, particularly when dealing with Quality of Service (QoS). You can compute whether the throughput matches the needed low threshold.
Here’s an AWK script to calculate throughput:
awk ‘
{
if ($1 == “r” && $3 == “node3”) { # Packet received at node 3 (server)
total_bytes_received += $6; # Sum the size of the received packets
}
}
END {
required_throughput = 500000; # Required throughput in bytes/second
actual_throughput = total_bytes_received / 5.0; # Divide by simulation time (5 seconds)
if (actual_throughput < required_throughput) {
print “Throughput Compliance Violated: Actual throughput is”, actual_throughput, “bytes/sec”;
} else {
print “Throughput Compliance Maintained: Actual throughput is”, actual_throughput, “bytes/sec”;
}
}’ compliance_trace.tr
This script estimates the actual throughput and relates it with the needed throughput (e.g., 500 KB/sec).
Latency Compliance
Latency is another vital compliance metric for real-time applications. You can measure whether the latency for packets satisfy the required threshold.
Here’s an AWK script to calculate average latency:
awk ‘
{
if ($1 == “+”) {
send_time[$7] = $2; # Record the time a packet is enqueued
}
if ($1 == “r” && $3 == “node3”) {
if (send_time[$7] != “”) {
latency = $2 – send_time[$7]; # Calculate latency (receive time – send time)
total_latency += latency;
count++;
}
}
}
END {
average_latency = total_latency / count;
max_allowed_latency = 0.02; # Example max allowed latency in seconds
if (average_latency > max_allowed_latency) {
print “Latency Compliance Violated: Average latency is”, average_latency, “seconds”;
} else {
print “Latency Compliance Maintained: Average latency is”, average_latency, “seconds”;
}
}’ compliance_trace.tr
This script measures the average latency and verifies whether it beats a extremely permitted latency (e.g., 20 milliseconds).
Unauthorized Access Compliance
You can verify for unauthorized access by monitoring at traffic from nodes that are not supposed to interact with particular destinations.
Here’s an AWK script to identify unauthorized access tries:
awk ‘
{
if ($1 == “+” && $3 != “node1” && $3 != “node2”) { # Only node1 and node2 are allowed
unauthorized_traffic++;
}
}
END {
if (unauthorized_traffic > 0) {
print “Unauthorized Access Detected”;
} else {
print “No Unauthorized Access”;
}
}’ compliance_trace.tr
This script checks whether any traffic is originating from unauthorized nodes (i.e., nodes other than node1 and node2).
QoS Compliance
For Quality of Service (QoS) compliance, you can ensure that specific types of traffic (e.g., real-time traffic) receive prioritized treatment based on latency, packet loss, and throughput.
Here’s an AWK script to check if real-time traffic satisfies the QoS requirement:
awk ‘
{
if ($1 == “r” && $3 == “node3” && $5 == “udp”) { # Real-time traffic (UDP)
real_time_bytes_received += $6; # Sum real-time traffic bytes
}
}
END {
required_qos_throughput = 300000; # QoS requirement in bytes/second
actual_real_time_throughput = real_time_bytes_received / 5.0;
if (actual_real_time_throughput < required_qos_throughput) {
print “QoS Compliance Violated: Real-time traffic throughput is”, actual_real_time_throughput, “bytes/sec”;
} else {
print “QoS Compliance Maintained”;
}
}’ compliance_trace.tr
This script certifies if the real-time traffic (UDP) throughput fulfils the desired QoS threshold.
- Visualize Compliance Results
Once the trace file is assessed, you can visualize the outputs using Python (matplotlib) or Excel to better know the network’s performance.
Example Python Plot for Bandwidth Usage:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Example data for bandwidth usage over time
time = [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5]
bandwidth_usage = [800000, 850000, 870000, 880000, 890000, 910000, 950000, 970000, 990000] # Example bandwidth usage data (bytes)
plt.plot(time, bandwidth_usage, marker=’o’)
plt.title(‘Bandwidth Usage Over Time’)
plt.xlabel(‘Time (seconds)’)
plt.ylabel(‘Bandwidth Usage (bytes)’)
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
Summary
To compute network compliance in NS2:
- Set up the simulation: Log all network events in a trace file using trace-all.
- Define compliance rules: Set particular thresholds for bandwidth, throughput, latency, QoS, and access control.
- Analyze the trace file: Use AWK scripts to measure compliance metrics like bandwidth usage, throughput, latency, and illegal access.
- Detect violations: Compare the measured metrics with stated thresholds to identify compliance violations.
- Visualize the results: Use tools like Python or Excel to envision compliance performance over time.
This setup demonstrates a simplified network environment including the topology, traffic flows and compliance policies to compute the Network Compliance in the ns2 simulator tool. Furthermore, you can get additional information related to this topic from us.
For personalized research endeavors, you may contact us, as we are committed to delivering optimal results.