How to Implement 3D MANET Massive in NS2

To implement the 3D Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) in NS2 associated with huge amount of nodes (massive networks), we have to offer the third dimension (z-axis) and handle a large number of mobile nodes effectively by extending the available 2D mobility and network models. It is very different to manage the movement and communication nodes in 3D MANET which making sure the scalability for a large count of nodes. Ns2project.com will be your best supportive partner to guide you in your 3D Mobile Ad Hoc Networks implementation in ns2tool.

In below, we offered step-by-step guide to implementing a 3D MANET with a massive number of nodes in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. NS2 Setup

NS2 mainly assists 2D mobility and propagation models. We need to build 3D scenarios by adjusting the mobility model and node configuration to attach the z-axis (3D). NS2’s standard wireless model can be extended for 3D.

Create the Simulation Environment

# Create an NS2 simulator instance

set ns [new Simulator]

# Open trace files for logging the simulation

set tracefile [open “3d_manet_massive.tr” w]

set namfile [open “3d_manet_massive.nam” w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 1000 1000   ;# Define a 1000×1000 grid for visualization

# Define a topography (3D space)

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000

# Define the channel and other components

set chan_1_ [new Channel/WirelessChannel]

set prop [new Propagation/TwoRayGround]

set netif [new Phy/WirelessPhy]

set mac [new Mac/802_11]

set ll [new LL]

set ifq [new Queue/DropTail/PriQueue]

set ant [new Antenna/OmniAntenna]

# Configure node settings

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \

-llType $ll \

-macType $mac \

-ifqType $ifq \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType $ant \

-propType $prop \

-phyType $netif \

-channel $chan_1_ \

-topoInstance $topo

  1. 3D Mobility Model

We have to assist the movement in 3D by extending NS2’s mobility model. This can be established by attaching the z-coordinate for each node and stating the movement in all three axes (x, y, z).

Example of 3D Node Movement

# Procedure to set 3D coordinates for a node

proc set_3d_position {node x y z} {

$node set X_ $x

$node set Y_ $y

$node set Z_ $z   ;# Set the z-axis (altitude)

}

# Create a procedure for random 3D mobility

proc random_3d_mobility {node max_x max_y max_z speed} {

global ns

set x [expr rand() * $max_x]

set y [expr rand() * $max_y]

set z [expr rand() * $max_z]

set dest_x [expr rand() * $max_x]

set dest_y [expr rand() * $max_y]

set dest_z [expr rand() * $max_z]

set time [expr ($x – $dest_x) / $speed]

# Set initial position and move the node

$node setdest $dest_x $dest_y $time

$node set Z_ $dest_z  ;# Set the z-coordinate movement

}

# Example of moving a node in 3D space

random_3d_mobility $node(1) 1000 1000 500 10   ;# Move in a 1000x1000x500 space at 10 m/s

  1. Creating Massive Nodes

Replicate the large network by developing a large number of nodes and allocate those in random initial locations and random mobility in 3D space. Build and set up the nodes by using loop.

# Create a large number of mobile nodes (e.g., 500 nodes)

set num_nodes 500

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_nodes} {incr i} {

set node($i) [$ns node]

$node($i) random-motion 0   ;# Disable random motion by default

# Assign random 3D positions to the node

set_3d_position $node($i) [expr rand() * 1000] [expr rand() * 1000] [expr rand() * 500]

# Set random mobility for the node in 3D space

random_3d_mobility $node($i) 1000 1000 500 10

}

  1. Traffic Setup

In a massive 3D MANET, UDP or TCP agents to produce traffic amongst nodes, depending on the application you are simulating. Here is an example using UDP for communication amongst nodes.

# Create UDP traffic between nodes

set udp_src [new Agent/UDP]

set udp_sink [new Agent/Null]

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

# Attach agents to the source and destination nodes

$ns attach-agent $node(1) $udp_src

$ns attach-agent $node(50) $udp_sink

# Connect the UDP source to the sink

$ns connect $udp_src $udp_sink

# Configure CBR traffic for continuous transmission

$cbr attach-agent $udp_src

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set rate_ 100Kb  ;# Data rate for communication

# Start traffic

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”

$ns at 100.0 “$cbr stop”

  1. Configuring the AODV Routing Protocol

In a 3D MANET, the AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) protocol can be used to accomplish routes dynamically when nodes travel in 3D space.

# AODV routing is configured in the node-config section

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV

This makes sure that as nodes move inside the 3D space, routes are founded and maintained dynamically. AODV is well-suited for mobile, large-scale networks like MANETs.

  1. Run the Simulation

Set the simulation duration and execute the NS2 simulation.

# Set the simulation end time

$ns at 200.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exit 0

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Analyzing the Results

After the simulation is executed, asses the trace files and NAM files to compute the performance of the 3D MANET. You can look at metrics such as:

  • Throughput: Estimate the data successfully delivered.
  • Latency: Analyze the delay experienced in communication amongst nodes.
  • Packet Loss: See how much data was lost in transit.
  • Route Discovery: Measure how the AODV protocol discovers and upholds paths as nodes move.
  1. Optimizing for Large-Scale Simulation

To manage the simulation of a massive number of nodes (500 or more), consider the following:

  • Reduce packet size: To evade excessive memory utilization.
  • Increase time steps: To improve performance and minimize simulation time.
  • Efficient mobility model: Decrease computational overhead by using a lightweight 3D mobility model.
  1. Advanced Options

You can extend this basic 3D MANET simulation by integrating:

  • QoS routing: Fine-tune the AODV protocol to prioritize particular variant of traffic in terms of QoS parameters like delay, bandwidth, or packet loss.
  • Energy models: Include energy utilization models for nodes to imitate real-world scenarios like sensor networks or UAV networks.
  • Multi-tiered networks: Incorporate the 3D MANET with satellite or drone communication to mimic hybrid networks.

We have expounded information on how to accomplish the Three Dimension (3D) Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) with large number of mobile nodes in the ns2 environment by extending the mobility nodes and designing massive nodes and then configuring the AODV routing protocol. We also provide some latest mechanisms for reference.