How to Implement 3D Underwater WSN in ns2

To implement the 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) in ns2 encompasses to simulate a network that has senor nodes arranged in the 3D underwater scenarios. It is usually interacts through acoustic signals that have unique propagation properties in underwater situations includes longer propagation delays and higher bit error rates. Get best implementation guidance from ns2project.com we provide you best project ideas.

You may need to personalize the nodes set ups, propagation delays and interaction models to estimate the underwater communication environment due to ns2 are not actually generated for 3D underwater networks. We have offered the step-by-step guide to implement it in ns2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Conceptualize the 3D Underwater WSN Simulation

In a 3D Underwater WSN:

  1. Underwater Sensor Nodes: Gather the data by deploying the nodes at different depths.
  2. Sink Node (Surface Buoy or Underwater Base Station): A central node that aggregates data from underwater sensors.
  3. 3D Positioning: Nodes are positioned in a 3D space, consider their depth (Z-axis).
  4. Acoustic Communication: Imitated by presenting significant propagation delays and capably higher error rates consider the underwater environment.

Step 2: Create the Tcl Script

In the following below, we provided the sample Tcl script that mimic a basic 3D Underwater WSN with sensor nodes deployed at various depths and interacting with a sink node.

Example Tcl Script for Simulating a 3D Underwater WSN in ns2

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define the topography object (3D underwater environment)

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000 1000  # 1km x 1km x 1km area

# Create the General Operations Director (GOD) for wireless simulations

create-god 4  # Number of nodes (3 sensors + 1 sink)

# Configure the nodes for underwater acoustic communication

$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSDV \

-llType LL \

-macType Mac/802_11 \

-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \

-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \

-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace OFF

# Open trace and NAM files for recording the simulation

set tracefile [open uwsn_3d_out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open uwsn_3d_out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 1000 1000

# Define a finish procedure to close files and end the simulation

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam uwsn_3d_out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Create underwater sensor nodes

set sensor1 [$ns node]

set sensor2 [$ns node]

set sensor3 [$ns node]

# Create the sink node (e.g., surface buoy)

set sink [$ns node]

# Set initial positions for underwater sensor nodes (in 3D space)

$sensor1 set X_ 200.0

$sensor1 set Y_ 300.0

$sensor1 set Z_ 500.0  # Depth of 500 meters

$sensor2 set X_ 500.0

$sensor2 set Y_ 700.0

$sensor2 set Z_ 600.0  # Depth of 600 meters

$sensor3 set X_ 800.0

$sensor3 set Y_ 400.0

$sensor3 set Z_ 400.0  # Depth of 400 meters

# Set the position of the sink node (stationary on the surface or underwater)

$sink set X_ 500.0

$sink set Y_ 500.0

$sink set Z_ 0.0  # Surface level (Z=0 for surface buoy)

# Define the acoustic link with significant propagation delay

proc acoustic_link {src dst data_size} {

global ns

# Calculate propagation delay based on distance and speed of sound in water

set distance [expr sqrt(pow([$src set X_] – [$dst set X_], 2) + \

pow([$src set Y_] – [$dst set Y_], 2) + \

pow([$src set Z_] – [$dst set Z_], 2))]

set speed_of_sound 1500.0  # Speed of sound in water (m/s)

set propagation_delay [expr $distance / $speed_of_sound]

# Simulate transmission with the calculated delay

$ns at [expr $ns now + $propagation_delay] “$src send-packet $dst $data_size”

}

# Define a function to simulate packet transmission

proc send-packet {dst data_size} {

global ns sink

# Create a TCP agent at the sender (sensor node)

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $dst $tcp

# Create a TCP sink at the receiver (sink node)

set sink_agent [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $sink $sink_agent

# Connect the sender to the receiver

$ns connect $tcp $sink_agent

# Create an FTP application to simulate data transmission

set ftp [new Application/FTP]

$ftp attach-agent $tcp

$ftp start

# Stop the FTP after some time (simulate transmission completion)

$ns at 15.0 “$ftp stop”

}

# Schedule packet transmission from each sensor to the sink

acoustic_link $sensor1 $sink 512

acoustic_link $sensor2 $sink 512

acoustic_link $sensor3 $sink 512

# Schedule the end of the simulation

$ns at 30.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 3: Run the Tcl Script

Save the script in a .tcl extension, for instance, uwsn_3d_simulation.tcl. Then, run the script using the following command in your terminal:

ns uwsn_3d_simulation.tcl

Step 4: Visualize the Simulation

To visualize the simulation, open the created NAM file using:

nam uwsn_3d_out.nam

Script Explanation

  • 3D Underwater Environment: The nodes sensor1, sensor2, and sensor3 are located at multiple depths, imitating a 3D underwater environment.
  • Acoustic Link Simulation: The acoustic link procedure computes the propagation delay according to the distance amongst the nodes and the speed of sound in water, imitating acoustic communication.
  • Traffic Generation: TCP traffic is created from every sensor node to the sink, simulating data aggregation in an underwater WSN.

Customization

  • Mobility Models: Recreate a sensor nodes drifting with ocean currents or being connected to mobile underwater vehicles by executing mobility models.
  • Advanced Acoustic Models: Present more refined acoustic propagation models that responsible for factors like multipath, Doppler shifts, and environmental noise.
  • Multiple Sinks: Replicate a more difficult network topology by attaching multiple sink nodes (for instance: surface buoys).
  • Different Data Types: Modeling different sensor data exchange environments by experimenting with various kinds of traffic data (such as CBR, UDP).

Limitations

  • Simplified Acoustic Communication: It offers a high-level approximation of acoustic communication, devoid of detailed modeling of underwater acoustic physics.
  • No Physical Layer Simulation: It does not simulate physical layer features like acoustic signal attenuation, scattering, or multipath effects.
  • Limited UWSN-Specific Features: ns2 is not particularly generated for underwater sensor networks, so the simulation is restricted to simple mechanisms and high-level abstractions.

In this procedure, we comprehensively provide the essential information needed to implement 3D Underwater WSN using ns2 tool including their restriction and how to customize it. As per you needs, we can offer any additional details about this topic