How to Implement 5G Beyond networks in ns2

To implement the 5G Beyond (B5G) networks in ns2 which is threatening job because the ns2 has inherent limitations. Ns3 is mainly developed for earlier generation of networks and it does not help advanced functionalities of 5G or B5G technologies. These networks are frequently means 6G which is expected to contain latest mechanisms like ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), terahertz communication, AI-driven network management, and more. Discover implementation guidance at ns2project.com, where we offer you the finest 5G Beyond (B5G) networks project ideas to elevate your work.

Though, you can estimate some perspectives of 5G/B5G networks by personalizing ns2 simulations to contain features like differentiated QoS, high-bandwidth links, and low-latency communication. Follow the procedure to obtain the details of 5G Beyond Network’s implementation in ns2.

Conceptual Overview

In a 5G Beyond (B5G) network:

  1. High Bandwidth: Reflect the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services by imitating very high data rates.
  2. Low Latency: Estimate the ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) by executing low-latency communication links.
  3. Massive Connectivity: Compute the massive machine-type communication (mMTC) by recreating a large amount of devices.
  4. Multi-tier Architecture: Accomplish a multi-tier network structure with edge computing, core networks, and cloud services.

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Conceptualize the B5G Network Simulation

In this instance, we simulate a network with the following elements:

  • eMBB Slice: A high-bandwidth link for data-intensive applications.
  • URLLC Slice: A low-latency link for applications needing ultra-reliable communication.
  • mMTC Slice: A recreation of a massive number of devices with low data rates.

Step 2: Create the Tcl Script

Follow the sample Tcl script that models a simplified 5G Beyond network situation in ns2 provided below.

Example Tcl Script for Simulating 5G Beyond Networks in ns2

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define the topography object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 1500 1500  # 1.5km x 1.5km area

# Create the General Operations Director (GOD) for wireless simulations

create-god 10  # Number of nodes (9 user devices + 1 base station)

# Configure the nodes for B5G communication

$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSDV \

-llType LL \

-macType Mac/802_11 \

-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \

-ifqLen 100 \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \

-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \

-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace OFF

# Open trace and NAM files for recording the simulation

set tracefile [open b5g_out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open b5g_out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 1500 1500

# Define a finish procedure to close files and end the simulation

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam b5g_out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Create nodes representing the base station and user devices

set bs_node [$ns node]  # Base station node

# Create user nodes

set user1 [$ns node]

set user2 [$ns node]

set user3 [$ns node]

set user4 [$ns node]

set user5 [$ns node]

set user6 [$ns node]

set user7 [$ns node]

set user8 [$ns node]

set user9 [$ns node]

# Set positions for base station and user nodes

$bs_node set X_ 750.0

$bs_node set Y_ 750.0

$bs_node set Z_ 0.0

$user1 set X_ 100.0

$user1 set Y_ 500.0

$user1 set Z_ 0.0

$user2 set X_ 300.0

$user2 set Y_ 600.0

$user2 set Z_ 0.0

$user3 set X_ 500.0

$user3 set Y_ 700.0

$user3 set Z_ 0.0

$user4 set X_ 700.0

$user4 set Y_ 800.0

$user4 set Z_ 0.0

$user5 set X_ 900.0

$user5 set Y_ 900.0

$user5 set Z_ 0.0

$user6 set X_ 1100.0

$user6 set Y_ 1000.0

$user6 set Z_ 0.0

$user7 set X_ 1300.0

$user7 set Y_ 1100.0

$user7 set Z_ 0.0

$user8 set X_ 500.0

$user8 set Y_ 1200.0

$user8 set Z_ 0.0

$user9 set X_ 1200.0

$user9 set Y_ 1300.0

$user9 set Z_ 0.0

# Define the eMBB slice (high bandwidth, high throughput)

set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]

$tcp1 set window_ 10  # Larger window for higher throughput

$ns attach-agent $user1 $tcp1

set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $bs_node $sink1

$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1

set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]

$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1

$ftp1 start

# Define the URLLC slice (low latency, high reliability)

set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP]

$tcp2 set window_ 1  # Smaller window for reduced latency

$ns attach-agent $user2 $tcp2

set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $bs_node $sink2

$ns connect $tcp2 $sink2

set ftp2 [new Application/FTP]

$ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2

$ftp2 start

# Define the mMTC slice (many small, infrequent messages)

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

$udp1 set packetSize_ 50  # Small packets

$udp1 set interval_ 1.0   # Infrequent transmission

$ns attach-agent $user3 $udp1

set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $bs_node $null1

$ns connect $udp1 $null1

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 50

$cbr1 set rate_ 25Kb

$cbr1 start

# Add more devices to the mMTC slice

for {set i 4} {$i <= 9} {incr i} {

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$udp set packetSize_ 50

$udp set interval_ 1.0

eval “set user [list user$i]”

$ns attach-agent $$user $udp

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $bs_node $null

$ns connect $udp $null

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 50

$cbr set rate_ 25Kb

$cbr start

}

# Scedule the end of the simulation

$ns at 20.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 3: Run the Tcl Script

Save the script with a .tcl extension, for example, b5g_simulation.tcl. Then, use the following command to execute the script in your terminal:

ns b5g_simulation.tcl

Step 4: Visualize the Simulation

To visualize the simulation, open the created NAM file using:

nam b5g_out.nam

Script Explanation

  • eMBB Slice: Indicate high-throughput communication by recreating the TCP traffic with a larger window size.
  • URLLC Slice: Reduce latency, estimating low-latency, high-reliability communication by replicated the TCP traffic with a smaller window size.
  • mMTC Slice: Modeled by UDP traffic with small packet sizes and low transmission rates, indicating multiple devices sending irregular small data packets.

Customization

  • Additional Devices: Mimic a larger mMTC network with hundreds or thousands of devices by attaching more devices.
  • QoS Parameters: Imitate various network slices more precisely by altering QoS configurations including delay, jitter, and bandwidth.
  • Mobility Models: Replicate the user travelling amongst base station that is typical in mobile networks by executing mobility models.
  • Error Models: Acquaint with error models to simulate packet loss, changing channel conditions, or intrusion usual in wireless networks.

Limitations

  • Simplified Approximation: It offers a simplified model of 5G Beyond networks and does not cover the full difficulty of mechanisms like AI-driven network management, terahertz communication, or quantum networking.
  • No Physical Layer Simulation: The script does not mimic advanced physical layer characteristics of B5G contains massive MIMO, beamforming, or advanced modulation plans.
  • Limited B5G-Specific Features: ns2 is not configured for B5G networks, so the simulation is narrow to basic functionality and high-level abstractions.

This guide will help you set up a basic simulation in ns2 to implement the 5G Beyond networks using the TCL script and customize it using given features. For further queries, you can reach out to us about 5G beyond networks or related to this topic.