How to Implement Cooperative networking in ns2

To implement the Cooperative Networking in NS2 has encompasses mimicking a network in which their nodes should be collaborated to develop the communication performance, reliability, and efficiency. It can contain the methods, like relaying, in which the intermediate nodes are support to forward data, and cooperative diversity, where the nodes are share resources to improve the signal quality. We offered the step-by-step process to executing a simple cooperative networking in the following below:

  1. Understand Cooperative Networking Components:
  • Source Node: The source node that begins the data transmission.
  • Relay Nodes: Intermediary nodes that help in forwarding the data from the source to the end.
  • Destination Node: The last recipient of the data.
  • Cooperation Strategy: The strategy used by the relay nodes to support in the data transmission, like amplify-and-forward (AF) or decode-and-forward (DF).
  1. Set Up the NS2 Environment:
  • Make sure NS2 is installed on the system.
  • Acquaint with writing TCL scripts, while NS2 simulations are controlled through the TCL.
  1. Define the Network Topology:
  • We make the nodes that denotes the source, relay(s), and destination. This network nodes will be used to mimic the cooperative communication.

# Define the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create a trace file for analysis

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

# Create a NAM file for animation

set namfile [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 10

# Set up the network parameters

set opt(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel      ;# Channel type

set opt(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround     ;# Radio-propagation model

set opt(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy              ;# Network interface type

set opt(mac)    Mac/802_11                   ;# MAC type

set opt(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue      ;# Interface queue type

set opt(ll)     LL                           ;# Link layer type

set opt(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna          ;# Antenna model

set opt(ifqlen) 50                           ;# Max packet in ifq

set opt(x)      1000                         ;# X dimension of the topography

set opt(y)      1000                         ;# Y dimension of the topography

set opt(adhocRouting) AODV                   ;# Ad hoc routing protocol

# Create a topography object

create-god 50

# Configure the nodes (e.g., source, relay, destination)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \

-llType $opt(ll) \

-macType $opt(mac) \

-ifqType $opt(ifq) \

-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \

-antType $opt(ant) \

-propType $opt(prop) \

-phyType $opt(netif) \

-channelType $opt(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace OFF \

-movementTrace ON

# Create nodes: Source, Relay, and Destination

set source [$ns node]   ;# Source node

set relay1 [$ns node]   ;# Relay node 1

set relay2 [$ns node]   ;# Relay node 2

set destination [$ns node] ;# Destination node

# Set initial positions for the nodes

$source set X_ 100.0

$source set Y_ 300.0

$source set Z_ 0.0

$relay1 set X_ 300.0

$relay1 set Y_ 300.0

$relay1 set Z_ 0.0

$relay2 set X_ 500.0

$relay2 set Y_ 300.0

$relay2 set Z_ 0.0

$destination set X_ 700.0

$destination set Y_ 300.0

$destination set Z_ 0.0

  1. Simulate Cooperative Communication:
  • Execute the communication flow in which the source node sent data to the end using the relay nodes.

# Source node sends data to Relay node 1

set tcp_source [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $source $tcp_source

set tcp_relay1_sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $relay1 $tcp_relay1_sink

$ns connect $tcp_source $tcp_relay1_sink

# Relay node 1 forwards data to Relay node 2

set tcp_relay1 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $relay1 $tcp_relay1

set tcp_relay2_sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $relay2 $tcp_relay2_sink

$ns connect $tcp_relay1 $tcp_relay2_sink

# Relay node 2 forwards data to the Destination

set tcp_relay2 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $relay2 $tcp_relay2

set tcp_destination_sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $destination $tcp_destination_sink

$ns connect $tcp_relay2 $tcp_destination_sink

# Start sending data from Source to Destination via Relays

set app_source [new Application/FTP]

$app_source attach-agent $tcp_source

$ns at 1.0 “$app_source start”

  1. Implement Cooperative Relaying Strategies:
  • To execute the approaches such as Amplify-and-Forward (AF) or Decode-and-Forward (DF) at the relay nodes. These strategies ascertain how relay nodes manage the received data before sending it.

# Example of Amplify-and-Forward strategy

proc amplify_and_forward {relay src dst} {

global ns

puts “Amplifying and forwarding data at $relay from $src to $dst”

# Amplification process can be simulated as an identity operation in this simple example

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.1] “$relay send packet to $dst”

}

# Schedule Amplify-and-Forward at Relay 1

$ns at 2.0 “amplify_and_forward $relay1 $source $relay2”

# Schedule Amplify-and-Forward at Relay 2

$ns at 3.0 “amplify_and_forward $relay2 $relay1 $destination”

  1. Simulate Network Cooperation:
  • Mimic the network cooperation in which the nodes support every other by relaying data, which improves the complete network performance.

# Example of cooperative data forwarding

proc cooperative_forwarding {src relay1 relay2 dst} {

global ns

puts “Cooperative forwarding from $src via $relay1 and $relay2 to $dst”

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.1] “$src send packet to $relay1”

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.2] “$relay1 send packet to $relay2”

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.3] “$relay2 send packet to $dst”

}

# Schedule cooperative forwarding

$ns at 4.0 “cooperative_forwarding $source $relay1 $relay2 $destination”

  1. Run the Simulation:
  • Describe as they the simulation would end and then we run it. The end process will close the trace files and introduce the NAM for visualization.

# Define the finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Schedule the finish procedure at 10 seconds

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Analyse the Results:
  • We can use the trace file (out.tr) to examine the efficiency of the cooperative methods.
  • Open the NAM file (out.nam) to monitor the interactions among the nodes, and to visualize the network operations.
  1. Customize and Extend:
  • We can tailor the simulation by:
    • Appending more relay nodes and investigating with various cooperative methods.
    • Executing more sophisticated cooperation techniques, like network coding or distributed MIMO.
    • Mimicking various traffic patterns or launching the network challenges such as interference or node failures to evaluate the resilience of the cooperative network.

Example Summary:

These instance sets up a general Cooperative Networking simulation in the simulation tool NS2, concentrating on the cooperative communication among the nodes using relay strategies such as Amplify-and-Forward. The simulation shows how intermediate nodes can support in developing the data transmission reliability and effectiveness.

Advanced Considerations:

  • For more difficult scenarios, we deliberate the incorporating NS2 with various tools or emerging the custom modules to mimic furthered cooperative communication methods, like coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or device-to-device (D2D) communication.
  • Expand the emulation to contain advanced characteristics such as Quality of Service (QoS) management, energy-efficient cooperation, or secure cooperative communication.

Debugging and Optimization:

  • We can use the trace-all command to debug the simulation and evaluate the packet flows.
  • Enhance the simulation by refining the cooperation strategies, modifying relay decisions, and fine-tuning the network metrics for improved performance.

This procedure offered the step-by-step guide to help you implement the Cooperative networking using the simulation tool ns2 from the basic set up to analysing the results. We will provide any details regarding this script, if needed.

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