How to Implement Inter Planetary networking in ns2

To implement the Interplanetary Networking within NS2 has needs to contain mimicking communication among the nodes where are set on various planets, moons, or spacecraft. This kind of network is typified by enormously long delays, high error rates, and the essential for delay-tolerant networking (DTN) protocols. Given below is step-by-step procedure to executing a simple Interplanetary Networking scenario in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementations:

  1. Understand Interplanetary Network Components:
  • Spacecraft/Planetary Nodes: Nodes are denote the spacecraft, landers, or rovers on various planets or moons.
  • Long-Distance Links: Links among the nodes have extreme high latency and probable signal degradation.
  • Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN): Protocols created to manage the long delays and intermittent connectivity, like the Bundle Protocol.
  1. Set Up the NS2 Environment:
  • Make sure NS2 is installed on the system.
  • Acquaint with writing TCL scripts, as NS2 simulations are managed through TCL.
  1. Define the Network Topology:
  • Make the nodes are signifying spacecraft or planetary landers, and set up high-latency links among them.

# Define the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create a trace file for analysis

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

# Create a NAM file for animation

set namfile [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 10

# Set up the network parameters

set opt(chan)   Channel/WiredChannel         ;# Wired channel for long-distance communication

set opt(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround     ;# Propagation model (customize if needed)

set opt(netif)  Phy/WiredPhy                 ;# Network interface type

set opt(mac)    Mac/802_3                    ;# Ethernet MAC for stable communication

set opt(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue      ;# Interface queue type

set opt(ll)     LL                           ;# Link layer type

set opt(ifqlen) 100                          ;# Queue size

set opt(adhocRouting) AODV                   ;# Ad hoc routing protocol, if needed

# Create a topography object

create-god 10

# Configure the nodes (e.g., spacecraft, landers)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \

-llType $opt(ll) \

-macType $opt(mac) \

-ifqType $opt(ifq) \

-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

-propType $opt(prop) \

-phyType $opt(netif) \

-channelType $opt(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace OFF \

-movementTrace ON

# Create interplanetary nodes

set earth [$ns node]    ;# Earth Node (e.g., ground station)

set mars [$ns node]     ;# Mars Node (e.g., rover)

set spacecraft [$ns node] ;# Spacecraft Node (in transit)

# Set initial positions for the nodes

$earth set X_ 100.0

$earth set Y_ 100.0

$earth set Z_ 0.0

$mars set X_ 900.0

$mars set Y_ 100.0

$mars set Z_ 0.0

$spacecraft set X_ 500.0

$spacecraft set Y_ 500.0

$spacecraft set Z_ 0.0

  1. Simulate Long-Distance, High-Latency Links:
  • Set up the links including high delay and potential signal degradation to emulate the massive distances among the planets.

# Create high-latency duplex links

# Earth to Spacecraft (e.g., 300,000 km with 1000 ms delay)

$ns duplex-link $earth $spacecraft 100Mb 1000ms DropTail

# Spacecraft to Mars (e.g., 225 million km with 12,000 ms delay)

$ns duplex-link $spacecraft $mars 100Mb 12000ms DropTail

  1. Implement Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) Protocol:
  • This protocols such as the Bundle Protocol can manage the intermittent connectivity and long delays. However NS2 doesn’t natively assist DTN, we can mimic some features of it with custom scripts or by executing store-and-forward methods.

Example: Custom Store-and-Forward Mechanism

# Example of a store-and-forward mechanism for long-delay communication

proc store_and_forward {src dst delay} {

global ns

# Simulate storing the packet at the source

puts “Storing packet at $src”

$ns at [expr $ns now + $delay/2] “puts \”Forwarding packet from $src to $dst after delay\””

# Forward the packet after the delay

$ns at [expr $ns now + $delay] “$src send_packet_to $dst”

}

# Start store-and-forward from Earth to Mars

$ns at 2.0 “store_and_forward $earth $mars 12000ms”

  1. Simulate Data Transmission:
  • Execute data transmission among the nodes, using the DTN-like mechanisms.

# Earth sends data to Mars via Spacecraft, using store-and-forward

set tcp_earth [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $earth $tcp_earth

set tcp_mars_sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $mars $tcp_mars_sink

$ns connect $tcp_earth $tcp_mars_sink

# Start sending data from Earth to Mars

set app_earth [new Application/FTP]

$app_earth attach-agent $tcp_earth

$ns at 4.0 “$app_earth start”

  1. Run the Simulation:
  • State as they the simulation should end and then run it. The end approaches procedure will close the trace files and introduce NAM for visualization.

# Define the finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Schedule the finish procedure at 60 seconds

$ns at 60.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Analyse the Results:
  • We can use the trace file (out.tr) to examine how the long delays and DTN-like mechanisms affected data transmission and network performance.
  • Open the NAM file (out.nam) monitor the interactions between interplanetary nodes, and to visualize the network operations.
  1. Customize and Extend:
  • Tailor the simulation by:
    • Launching more nodes are signifying further spacecraft, landers, or rovers on various planets or moons.
    • Executing more sophisticated DTN protocols, probably by incorporating NS2 with external scripts or tools.
    • Mimicking various scenarios, like changing distances, node failures, or orbital dynamics.

Example Summary:

This instance sets up a simple Interplanetary Networking simulation in the tool NS2, concentrating on long-distance, high-latency communication among the spacecraft and planetary nodes. The simulation ascertain how communication can be handled in environments including extreme delays and intermittent connectivity.

Advanced Considerations:

  • For more difficult scenarios, we deliberate the incorporating NS2 with specified tools for space communications, or enhancing custom modules to mimic the advanced DTN protocols.
  • Expand the simulation to contain furthered characteristics such as fault tolerance, error correction mechanisms, or real-time orbital dynamics.

Debugging and Optimization:

  • We can use the trace-all command to debug the simulation and evaluated how long delays and DTN-like mechanisms effects packet flows.
  • Enhance the simulation by changing network parameters for better performance and effectiveness, filtering delay management, and modifying routing decisions.

This process has covered the whole concept which is essential to know on how to implement the Inter Planetary networking using ns2. We will offer the additional record regarding this network based on your needs.

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