How to Implement Interior Protocol in NS2

 

To implement the interior protocol in Network Simulator 2 (ns2), we have to develop a simulation script that utilizes an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) includes RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), are used inside a individual autonomous system (AS).

The following demonstration will help you implement this in ns2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Install NS2

Make certain that you have ns2 installed and configured properly on your computer.

Step 2: Create a Simulation Script

Set up the network simulation with the selected interior protocol by generating a Tcl script.

Example: Implementing RIP in NS2

  1. Create a new Tcl script: Open a text editor and build a new file, for instance, rip_example.tcl.
  2. Set up the simulation environment: State the simulator, configure the network topology, and set the parameters particular to your simulation.

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define options for the simulation

set val(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel    ;# Channel type

set val(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround   ;# Propagation model

set val(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy            ;# Network interface type

set val(mac)    Mac/802_11                 ;# MAC type

set val(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue    ;# Interface Queue type

set val(ll)     LL                         ;# Link layer type

set val(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna        ;# Antenna type

set val(ifqlen) 50                         ;# Max packet in ifq

set val(nn)     5                          ;# Number of nodes

set val(rp)     RIP                        ;# Routing Protocol

set val(x)      500                        ;# X dimension of topography

set val(y)      500                        ;# Y dimension of topography

set val(stop)   10.0                       ;# Simulation time

# Initialize the topology object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# Create the God object

create-god $val(nn)

# Configure the nodes

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace ON

  1. Create nodes and configure network addresses:

Replicate an interior protocol by allocating IP addresses and designing the routing tables.

# Create nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns node]

$node_($i) random-motion 0

}

# Assign IP addresses (example Class C addresses)

$node_(0) set-address “192.168.1.1”

$node_(1) set-address “192.168.1.2”

$node_(2) set-address “192.168.1.3”

$node_(3) set-address “192.168.1.4”

$node_(4) set-address “192.168.1.5”

  1. Setup traffic sources:

# Setup a UDP agent and attach it to node 0

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp

# Setup CBR (Constant Bit Rate) application to generate traffic

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.1

$cbr start

# Setup a Null agent (sink) on node 1

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null

# Connect the agents

$ns connect $udp $null

  1. Setup simulation end:

# Define simulation end time

$ns at $val(stop) “stop”

$ns at $val(stop) “$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)”

$ns at $val(stop) “exit 0”

proc stop {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 3: Run the Simulation 

  1. Save the Tcl script (rip_example.tcl).
  2. Open a terminal and navigate to the directory where you logged the Tcl script.
  3. Execute the simulation using the given command:

ns rip_example.tcl

This command will create trace files and optionally a network animation file (if enabled in your script).

Step 4: Analyze the Results

You can use tools like awk, perl, or other scripting languages to process the trace files offered by NS2 to assess the performance of the RIP protocol.

Step 5: Visualize the Results (Optional)

If you have allowed the network animator (NAM) in your script, you can visualize the simulation:

nam rip_example.nam

This will open the NAM window, where you can see the network topology and the actions of RIP during the simulation.

Additional Considerations:

  • Subnetting: If your network involves subnetting, ensure your IP addressing and routing tables are configured appropriately.
  • Performance Metrics: Gather metrics include packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead to compute the performance of the interior routing protocol.
  • Topology Variations: Monitor how the protocol manages different situations by researching with various network topologies and mobility patterns.

Overall, we have presented the information on how you can implement an interior routing protocol in NS2, using RIP as an example with sample C++ snippets. You can also envision the simulation and be able to include the advanced mechanisms into it. We will help you  to with a comprehensive performance analysis for your project. If you’re looking to implement the Interior Protocol in NS2, feel free to reach out to ns2project.com. We offer a variety of excellent project topics and specialize in RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol). Stay connected with us to achieve the best outcomes for your projects.