How to Implement Interoperability 5G in NS2

To implement the 5G Interoperability in NS2 that has some complexity due to ns2 was actually build for simulating wireless networks, ad-hoc networks and wired networks however it does not have in-built assist for 5G cellular networks and their particular mechanisms includes millimeter-wave communication, beamforming, massive MIMO and network slicing. Yet we can replicate basic model of 5G interoperability in NS2 by executing main aspects of 5G systems like device-to-device (D2D) communication, multi-hop routing and heterogeneous network interoperability. The following steps will help you done this using ns2 and given examples:

Key Features for Simulating 5G Interoperability in NS2:

  1. Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication: Direct communication amongst devices without routing through a base station.
  2. Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets): Interoperability amidst various network kinds like Wi-Fi, LTE, and 5G.
  3. Multi-Hop Communication: Relay-related communication to manage multi-hop routing, alike to how 5G manages dense networks.
  4. High Data Rate and Low Latency Simulation: Imitate maximized bandwidth and decreased delays to indicate the high-performance nature of 5G.

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Setting Up NS2 for 5G Interoperability

Start by configuring the simulation environment in ns2 along with 5G devices includes wireless nodes that have multi-hop communication and D2D connectivity.

# Create an NS2 simulator instance

set ns [new Simulator]

# Open trace files for logging the simulation

set tracefile [open “5g_interoperability.tr” w]

set namfile [open “5g_interoperability.nam” w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 1000 1000

# Define a wireless channel for communication (to simulate 5G)

set chan_1_ [new Channel/WirelessChannel]

# Set up the topography

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000

# Define the propagation and communication parameters for 5G

set prop [new Propagation/TwoRayGround]    ;# Use TwoRayGround propagation model

set netif [new Phy/WirelessPhy]

set mac [new Mac/802_11]                   ;# Simulate 5G-like Wi-Fi communication

set ll [new LL]

set ifq [new Queue/DropTail/PriQueue]

set ant [new Antenna/OmniAntenna]

# Configure node settings (representing 5G devices)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \

-llType $ll \

-macType $mac \

-ifqType $ifq \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType $ant \

-propType $prop \

-phyType $netif \

-channel $chan_1_ \

-topoInstance $topo

  1. Simulating Multiple Network Technologies (Heterogeneous Networks)

In 5G heterogeneous networks (HetNets), devices might interact through various access networks like Wi-Fi, LTE, and 5G. To replicate this, configure nodes that use various communication protocols or networks.

Example: Simulating a Wi-Fi Node and a 5G Node

# Node 1 represents a device using Wi-Fi (simulating 5G-like performance)

set node1 [$ns node]

$node1 set X_ 100

$node1 set Y_ 200

# Node 2 represents a device using LTE (simulating interoperability between different networks)

set node2 [$ns node]

$node2 set X_ 300

$node2 set Y_ 300

We can assume that Node 1 is part of a 5G network, while Node 2 uses a different access network (for example: LTE or Wi-Fi). Interoperability will be handled by permitting these devices to communicate directly through a shared network interface.

  1. Simulating Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication

In 5G, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication grants devices to interact directly with one another without routing traffic via a base station. We can imitate this in NS2 by configuring direct communication amongst nodes.

# Create a UDP agent for communication between Node 1 and Node 2 (D2D communication)

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

set udpSink [new Agent/Null]

# Attach agents to the nodes

$ns attach-agent $node1 $udp1

$ns attach-agent $node2 $udpSink

# Connect UDP agent on Node 1 to the sink on Node 2 (D2D communication)

$ns connect $udp1 $udpSink

# Create CBR traffic to simulate continuous data flow between devices

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 1024

$cbr1 set rate_ 500Kb  ;# Set high data rate to simulate 5G

# Start D2D traffic at time 1.0 seconds and stop at time 20.0 seconds

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr1 start”

$ns at 20.0 “$cbr1 stop”

  1. Multi-Hop Communication for Dense 5G Networks

In dense 5G networks, communication commonly occurs over multi-hop routes because of the high density of devices and the nature of small cells in 5G. NS2 supports multi-hop routing using protocols like AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector).

To simulate multi-hop communication among devices, set up intermediate nodes that behave like relays.

# Define additional nodes for multi-hop communication (e.g., relay nodes)

set node3 [$ns node]

set node4 [$ns node]

$node3 set X_ 200

$node3 set Y_ 250

$node4 set X_ 400

$node4 set Y_ 350

# Configure UDP communication from Node 1 to Node 4 via Node 3

set udp2 [new Agent/UDP]

set udpSink2 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node1 $udp2

$ns attach-agent $node4 $udpSink2

# Multi-hop routing using AODV (Node 3 will act as relay)

$ns connect $udp2 $udpSink2

# Configure CBR traffic for multi-hop communication

set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr2 attach-agent $udp2

$cbr2 set packetSize_ 1024

$cbr2 set rate_ 300Kb

# Start multi-hop traffic at time 2.0 seconds and stop at time 25.0 seconds

$ns at 2.0 “$cbr2 start”

$ns at 25.0 “$cbr2 stop”

  1. Traffic Setup for High Data Rate and Low Latency

Imitate the high data rate and low latency aspects of 5G by setting up your traffic flows with high throughput and short delays.

Example: Setting Up TCP Traffic for High Throughput

# Create TCP agents for high data rate communication between Node 1 and Node 2

set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]

set tcpSink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $node1 $tcp1

$ns attach-agent $node2 $tcpSink

# Connect TCP agents

$ns connect $tcp1 $tcpSink

# Configure FTP application to simulate high-bandwidth file transfer

set ftp [new Application/FTP]

$ftp attach-agent $tcp1

# Start high throughput communication at time 5.0 seconds

$ns at 5.0 “$ftp start”

$ns at 20.0 “$ftp stop”

  1. Running the Simulation

Set the simulation finish time and execute the simulation to monitor how the devices communicate in a 5G-like network environment.

# Set the simulation end time

$ns at 30.0 “finish”

# Procedure to finish the simulation

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exit 0

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Analysis of Results

After executing the simulation, you can assess the trace files and network animation (NAM) to estimate key 5G interoperability metrics:

  • Throughput: Compute the data rate amongst devices in the network.
  • Latency: Verify for delays in packet transmission amongst devices.
  • Multi-Hop Efficiency: Evaluate how well multi-hop routing works in a dense network setup.
  • D2D Communication: Estimate the performance of direct device-to-device communication.

In this manual, you will obtain and improve your understanding on how to approach the Interoperability 5G by simulating simplified 5G communication and interoperability mechanisms which were executed and evaluated in NS2 environment.

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