How to Implement Layer Zigbee Protocol in NS2

To implement the Zigbee protocol in ns2, we have to execute the network layer and its associated routing protocols by understand the structure of the Zigbee protocol stack. It uses low-power digital radios to configure a suite of high-level communication protocols. It is often used in home automation, industrial control, and other applications where low power and low data rate communication are needed.

The given guide will help you accomplish this protocol in ns2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Understand Zigbee Protocol

Zigbee functions on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). The network layer helps star, tree, and mesh topologies, and uses protocols like AODV for routing.

Step 2: Set Up NS2

Make certain that NS2 is installed on your system. Validate the installation by running a basic simulation. NS2 lacks support for Zigbee, yet you may need to establish some fragments from scratch or alter existing protocols to replicate Zigbee’s behavior.

Step 3: Implement Zigbee Network Layer

  1. Create the Zigbee Network Layer Agent Class (C++)

You need to generate a new C++ class in NS2 that replicates the Zigbee network layer based on how Zigbee manages routing and communication in low-power, low-data rate networks.

Here’s a basic structure:

#include <agent.h>

#include <packet.h>

#include <trace.h>

#include <address.h>

class ZigbeeAgent : public Agent {

public:

ZigbeeAgent();

void recv(Packet* p, Handler* h);

void forwardPacket(Packet* p);

void updateRoutingTable(int dest, int nextHop);

void performEnergyManagement();

protected:

std::map<int, int> routingTable_; // Destination -> Next Hop

double energyLevel_;  // Energy level of the node

};

// Constructor

ZigbeeAgent::ZigbeeAgent() : Agent(PT_UDP), energyLevel_(100.0) {

// Initialization code here

}

// Packet reception

void ZigbeeAgent::recv(Packet* p, Handler* h) {

hdr_ip* iph = hdr_ip::access(p);

int dest = iph->dst();

if (routingTable_.find(dest) != routingTable_.end()) {

forwardPacket(p);

} else {

// Implement Zigbee-specific route discovery or handling

}

}

// Forward packet to the selected next hop

void ZigbeeAgent::forwardPacket(Packet* p) {

hdr_ip* iph = hdr_ip::access(p);

int nextHop = routingTable_[iph->dst()];

// Code to forward the packet to the next hop

}

// Update the routing table with a new route

void ZigbeeAgent::updateRoutingTable(int dest, int nextHop) {

routingTable_[dest] = nextHop;

}

// Implement energy management

void ZigbeeAgent::performEnergyManagement() {

// Reduce energy based on transmission, reception, etc.

energyLevel_ -= 0.1;

if (energyLevel_ <= 0) {

// Handle node energy depletion

}

}

  1. Integrate the Zigbee Agent into NS2
  1. Modify the Makefile: Attach new ZigbeeAgent class to the NS2 Makefile so that it gets compiled with the remains of the simulator.
  2. Recompile NS2:

make clean

make

Step 4: Create a Tcl Script to Simulate the Zigbee Protocol

Once the compilation is completed, configure a Tcl script to replicate a network using this protocol.

Example Tcl Script:

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define the topology

set val(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel

set val(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround

set val(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy

set val(mac)    Mac/802_15_4  ;# Assuming IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer

set val(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue

set val(ll)     LL

set val(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna

set val(ifqlen) 50

set val(nn)     10

set val(x)      500

set val(y)      500

set val(stop)   100.0

set val(rp)     Zigbee   ;# Custom Zigbee routing protocol

# Initialize the topology object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# Create the God object

create-god $val(nn)

# Configure the nodes

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace ON

# Create nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns node]

}

# Define node positions and movement model

$node_(0) set X_ 50.0; $node_(0) set Y_ 100.0

$node_(1) set X_ 100.0; $node_(1) set Y_ 200.0

$node_(2) set X_ 150.0; $node_(2) set Y_ 300.0

$node_(3) set X_ 200.0; $node_(3) set Y_ 400.0

$node_(4) set X_ 250.0; $node_(4) set Y_ 500.0

# Set up traffic sources

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(4) $null

$ns connect $udp $null

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 100

$cbr set interval_ 0.5

$cbr start

# Simulation end

$ns at $val(stop) “stop”

$ns at $val(stop) “$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)”

$ns at $val(stop) “exit 0”

proc stop {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 5: Run the Simulation

  1. Store the Tcl script (zigbee_example.tcl).
  2. Open a terminal and pass it to the directory where you logged the Tcl script.
  3. Execute the simulation using the below command:

ns zigbee_example.tcl

Step 6: Analyze the Results

  • Assess the protocol’s performance depends on the energy utilization, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and network overhead by using trace files and the network animator (NAM).
  • Compute how the protocol handles low-power operations and how effectively it routes packets in a dense network environment.

Additional Considerations

  • Energy Management: Prolong the network node’s lifetime by executing and testing different management techniques.
  • Routing Metrics: Personalize the routing logic to reflect the low-power, low-data rate nature of Zigbee networks.
  • Performance Comparison: Compare the Zigbee-like protocol with other low-power routing protocols to analyze its efficiency.

This procedure has the overall information of Layer Zigbee Protocol including how to implement the simulation, security mechanisms and their modules with samples especially for the network layer. Now, you can know about the entire execution in ns2.

We conduct performance analysis tailored for you. Our expertise delivers outstanding results for the Layer Zigbee Protocol in NS2 implementation. Feel free to reach out to ns2project.com.