How to Implement Mobile Data Networking in NS2

To implement the mobile data networking using NS2, which encompasses mimicking wireless network environments in which mobile nodes communicate with each other and probably with a central base station. This kind of simulation models data transmission across wireless channels, with the mobility of nodes that is a significant feature in mobile data networks. The following is a procedure on how we can execute the mobile data networking in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Install NS2 with Mobility Support:

Make certain that NS2 installation reinforces the mobile networking. The simulation platform NS2 supports the wireless routing protocols, mobile scenarios, and wireless communication models such as Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and etc.

Define the Network Topology:

Configure a mobile network topology in which the nodes are wireless and it can move. It is complete using the node-config command to set up wireless nodes and mobility.

Below is a guide on how we can configure wireless nodes:

set ns [new Simulator]

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $nf

# Define the topology boundary (for mobile nodes)

set topography [new Topography]

$topography load_flatgrid 500 500

# Define the initial settings for mobile nodes

set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel

set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround

set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy

set val(mac) Mac/802_11

set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue

set val(ll) LL

set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna

set val(x) 500

set val(y) 500

set val(seed) 0.0

Create Mobile Nodes:

In a mobile network, nodes move actively. We can make mobile nodes and allocate them random or predefined movement patterns. The following is how to setup the nodes as mobile and also define their mobility.

Example to create mobile nodes:

# Configure node settings for mobile nodes

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topography \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON

# Create mobile nodes

set node1 [$ns node]

set node2 [$ns node]

set node3 [$ns node]

Define Mobility Models:

Describe how the mobile nodes are move in the network. These models such as Random Waypoint, Random Walk, and others can be describe for each node. We can use random mobility or place the predefined paths.

Example for random mobility:

# Random Waypoint model: Nodes move randomly with pauses

$node1 set X_ 50

$node1 set Y_ 100

$node1 set Z_ 0

$node1 setdest 150 200 10.0 ;# Moves to (150, 200) with 10 m/s speed

$node2 set X_ 200

$node2 set Y_ 300

$node2 set Z_ 0

$node2 setdest 50 100 15.0 ;# Moves to (50, 100) with 15 m/s speed

We can also use the predefined mobility trace files for more difficult simulations.

Add Data Traffic:

Mobile data networking needs data communication among the mobile nodes. Normally, TCP or UDP protocols are used for transferring data. Given below is an instance of setting up a UDP connection with CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic.

# Create a UDP agent on node1 (source)

set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node1 $udp0

# Create a CBR traffic generator (mobile data traffic)

set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0

$cbr0 set packetSize_ 512 ;# Data packet size

$cbr0 set interval_ 0.1 ;# Data sending interval

# Create a sink (receiver) on node2

set null0 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node2 $null0

$ns connect $udp0 $null0

Enable Wireless Routing Protocols:

As the nodes are mobile, a routing protocol such as AODV, DSR, or DSDV is essential to manage the route discovery and maintenance as nodes move.

Example for enabling AODV routing:

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan)

We can select various ad-hoc routing protocols according to the nature of the network.

Add Network Performance Metrics:

To examine the performance of the mobile data network, we will require to trace the metrics such as throughput, packet loss, latency, and jitter. We can extract those metrics from the produced trace files or setup NS2 to log them.

Example to add packet tracing:

set tracefd [open “tracefile.tr” w]

$ns trace-all $tracefd

Run the Simulation:

Describe the initial and end times for the simulation then run it. Make sure to appropriately close and clear the trace files after the simulation ends.

Example:

$ns at 0.0 “start”

$ns at 100.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefd

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefd

exit 0

}

$ns run

Analyse Results:

Examine the trace file or NAM file (for graphical visualization), after running the simulation that to compute how the mobile data network behaves such as:

Throughput: Amount of effectively transmitted data over time.
Packet Delivery Ratio: Ratio of well delivered the packets.
Delay: For a packet, time it takes to traverse the network.
Packet Loss: Number of packets dropped when the transmission.

Use NAM (Network Animator) for Visualization:

The network animator NAM helps to envision the movement of nodes, packet exchanges, and the overall behaviour of the mobile network. We can see the animation by opening the NAM output file.

Example to generate a NAM output file:

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $nf 500 500

When the simulation is done, we can open the NAM file to envision the network and also observe how mobile nodes are communicating in the simulation.

We comprehensively followed a step-by-step approach on Mobile Data Networking, implementing and analysing it through the simulation platform ns2. Additional specifies will be shared using the required simulation tools.

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