How to Implement Network Cell Sectorization in NS2

To implement the Network Cell Sectorization in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) has to follow the series of steps includes breaking down the cellular network’s coverage area into divisions to enhance the performance, minimize intrudes and maximize the capacity. Each sector is commonly served by the directional antenna, covering a portion of the cell.

Here’s how you can execute cell sectorization in NS2:

Key Steps for Implementing Network Cell Sectorization in NS2:

  1. Understand the Concept of Cell Sectorization:
    • Cell sectorization is usually completely by dividing a cell into multiple sectors (like 3-sector or 6-sector cells).
    • Each sector is served by a directional antenna, where each antenna concentrates on a particular angular area (such as 120 degrees for a 3-sector cell).
  2. Modify the Antenna Model:
    • NS2 uses antenna models like OmniAntenna and PhasedArrayAntenna. To execute sectorization, you can use or alter the PhasedArrayAntenna model, which supports directional antennas.
    • The PhasedArrayAntenna model permits you to fix the antenna’s beam direction and beamwidth, which is vital for sectorization.

State the sector-specific aspects like beamwidth and orientation by altering the code in antenna/PhasedArrayAntenna.cc.

  1. Define Sector Parameters:
    • For each cell, you need to configure the amount of sectors and the beamwidth of each sector. For instance, in a 3-sector cell, each antenna will have a beamwidth of 120 degrees.
    • Set the orientation of each sector by identifying the central angle for each directional antenna.
  2. Adjust Antenna Orientation and Beamwidth: Fine-tune the parameters of the PhasedArrayAntenna to build sectorized cells:
    • Beamwidth: Set the beamwidth of each antenna to tie the sector angle (for instance: 120 degrees for a 3-sector cell).
    • Orientation: Set the orientation of each sector so that the antennas point in various directions.

Example: In a 3-sector cell, you would develop three directional antennas, each covering a 120-degree sector, with orientations at 0 degrees, 120 degrees, and 240 degrees.

You can alterions the antenna model as follows:

antenna_->setBeamWidth(120);  // Set the beamwidth to 120 degrees for each sector

antenna_->setOrientation(0);  // Set orientation for sector 1

// Repeat for other sectors

antenna_->setOrientation(120);  // Set orientation for sector 2

antenna_->setOrientation(240);  // Set orientation for sector 3

  1. Modify the Tcl Simulation Script: In the Tcl script, set up the network topology with sectorized cells by allying nodes with directional antennas that indicate each sector of the cell.

Example Tcl script snippet:

# Create nodes

set ns [new Simulator]

set cell1_sector1 [$ns node]

set cell1_sector2 [$ns node]

set cell1_sector3 [$ns node]

# Assign directional antennas to each sector

$cell1_sector1 set antenna_ [new PhasedArrayAntenna]

$cell1_sector1 set beamwidth_ 120

$cell1_sector1 set orientation_ 0    ;# First sector at 0 degrees

$cell1_sector2 set antenna_ [new PhasedArrayAntenna]

$cell1_sector2 set beamwidth_ 120

$cell1_sector2 set orientation_ 120  ;# Second sector at 120 degrees

$cell1_sector3 set antenna_ [new PhasedArrayAntenna]

$cell1_sector3 set beamwidth_ 120

$cell1_sector3 set orientation_ 240  ;# Third sector at 240 degrees

# Create traffic sources and sinks within each sector

  1. Propagation Model Adjustments:
    • Modify the propagation model to account for the sectorized coverage. Ensure that signal strength computations are directional, so the coverage of each antenna is restricted to its sector.
    • You may need to amend the propagation loss model (scuh as TwoRayGround or FreeSpace) to manage the decreased coverage areas due to sectorization.
  2. Routing and Handoff Mechanism:
    • Sectorized cells needs that nodes dynamically swap amongst sectors as they move. You may need to execute or alter a handoff mechanism that permits mobile nodes to switch amidst sectors depends on signal strength or proximity.
    • In the routing protocol, consider including logic to pick the proper sector according to the node’s positions and signal strength.
  3. Testing and Simulation:
    • Generate simulation environments that model mobile nodes moving amongst various sectors of a cell.
    • Use multimedia traffic (such as video or voice) to monitor the advantages of sectorization like reduced intrusion and improved signal quality.
    • Gather performance metrics like throughput, delay, and packet loss for each sector to assess the performance of the sectorized network.

Example Tcl Script for Cell Sectorization:

# Define simulator and topology

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define cell sectors with directional antennas

set sector1 [$ns node]

set sector2 [$ns node]

set sector3 [$ns node]

# Attach antennas to sectors

$sector1 set antenna_ [new PhasedArrayAntenna]

$sector1 set beamwidth_ 120

$sector1 set orientation_ 0    ;# Sector 1 at 0 degrees

$sector2 set antenna_ [new PhasedArrayAntenna]

$sector2 set beamwidth_ 120

$sector2 set orientation_ 120  ;# Sector 2 at 120 degrees

$sector3 set antenna_ [new PhasedArrayAntenna]

$sector3 set beamwidth_ 120

$sector3 set orientation_ 240  ;# Sector 3 at 240 degrees

# Define traffic sources and sinks

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $sector1 $udp1

$ns attach-agent $sector2 $null1

$ns connect $udp1 $null1

# Schedule events

$ns at 1.0 “$udp1 send”

# Start the simulation

$ns run

In conclusion, we have aggregated the information and present them as a derived format for you to implement the Network Cell Sectorization in the ns2 tool. You can also extend the simulation for optimization purposes. If needed, we can give you its advanced features and how to include them.

For customized Network Cell Sectorization in NS2 implementation advice and project ideas, get in touch with ns2project.com.