How to Implement Network Sensor Management in NS2

To implement Network Sensor Management in NS2 has contains to configure a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and setting up a management tasks like data aggregation, energy management, and communication protocols. Below is the implementation procedure to implement Network Sensor Management in NS2.

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Install NS2 with WSN Extensions

Make sure that NS2 is installed, and it’s configured with support for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). We may also need to install NS2-MIRACLE or other specific patches for sensor networks relays on the project requirements.

  1. Create a TCL Script for WSN

NS2 uses TCL scripts to setup and mimic the networks. We will generate a script that sets up sensor nodes, communication, and management protocols.

  1. Set up the Environment for Sensor Nodes

Here’s a simple script that executes a Wireless Sensor Network with a simple sensor management framework:

# Create a simulator instance

set ns [new Simulator]

# Open trace files

set tracefile [open sensor.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open sensor.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Set topology parameters

set num_sensors 10

set x_dim 500

set y_dim 500

# Create a topology object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $x_dim $y_dim

# Define the wireless channel

set chan [new Channel/WirelessChannel]

set prop [new Propagation/TwoRayGround]

set netif [new Phy/WirelessPhy]

set mac [new Mac/802_11]

set ll [new LL]

set ant [new Antenna/OmniAntenna]

set ifq [new Queue/DropTail/PriQueue]

set ifqlen 50

set bw 2Mb

set delay 20ms

# Node configuration for sensor network

$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSDV \

-llType $ll \

-macType $mac \

-ifqType $ifq \

-ifqLen $ifqlen \

-antType $ant \

-propType $prop \

-phyType $netif \

-channelType $chan \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON

# Create sensor nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_sensors} {incr i} {

set sensor($i) [$ns node]

}

# Set the initial positions of the sensor nodes

$sensor(0) set X_ 100

$sensor(0) set Y_ 100

$sensor(0) set Z_ 0

$sensor(1) set X_ 200

$sensor(1) set Y_ 100

$sensor(1) set Z_ 0

# Define positions for other sensor nodes…

# Create a sink node (base station)

set sink [$ns node]

$sink set X_ 250

$sink set Y_ 250

$sink set Z_ 0

# Sensor management (e.g., energy model and communication setup)

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_sensors} {incr i} {

# Define energy model (Optional: Basic energy model for sensor nodes)

$sensor($i) energyModel “EnergyModel”

$sensor($i) initialEnergy 100

$sensor($i) energy-consume-sleep 0.01

$sensor($i) energy-consume-active 0.1

# Create traffic agent for each sensor node (Data communication)

set udp($i) [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $sensor($i) $udp($i)

# Attach an application to generate data from the sensor node

set cbr($i) [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr($i) set packetSize_ 512

$cbr($i) set rate_ 0.5Mb

$cbr($i) attach-agent $udp($i)

# Set up the sink node to receive sensor data

if {$i == 0} {

set sink_agent [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $sink $sink_agent

$ns connect $udp($i) $sink_agent

} else {

# Multi-hop communication: Route data through other sensor nodes

set route_agent [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $sensor(0) $route_agent

$ns connect $udp($i) $route_agent

$ns connect $route_agent $sink_agent

}

}

# Schedule data generation and management events

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_sensors} {incr i} {

$ns at [expr $i * 0.1] “$cbr($i) start”

}

# Schedule the end of the simulation

$ns at 100.0 “finish”

# Procedure to finish the simulation

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam sensor.nam &

exit 0

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Explanation of Key Components
  • Sensor Node Setup:
    • Sensor nodes are generated using node-config, in which properties like the energy model, MAC layer, and routing protocols such as DSDV, AODV are defined.
    • Energy models are configures for each sensor node to mimic energy consumption.
  • Sink Node (Base Station):
    • The sink node gathers data from sensor nodes, either directly or through multi-hop communication.
  • Traffic Agents and Applications:
    • UDP agents are attached to sensor nodes to replicate data generation.
    • A CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic generator is used to mimic a periodic sensor data being sent to the sink node.
  • Multi-hop Communication:
    • Data from sensor nodes is transmitted via intermediate nodes to the sink node. This replicate typical WSN communication in which nodes relay data if they are out of range.
  • Energy Management:
    • Basic energy consumption models for sleep and active modes are executed to handle the power usage of sensor nodes.
  1. Run the Simulation

Save TCL script as sensor_mgmt.tcl and executed it using:

ns sensor_mgmt.tcl

This will create the output trace file (sensor.tr) and the NAM file (sensor.nam) for visualization. Use NAM to envision the network and observe the communication among sensor nodes and the sink node:

nam sensor.nam

  1. Advanced Features
  • Dynamic Energy Management: We can add more sophisticated energy management protocols such as LEACH, PEGASIS to enhance power usage.
  • Data Aggregation: Execute protocols to aggregate sensor data before sending it to the sink, minimizing network traffic.
  • Mobility: If needed, add mobility models to the sensor nodes for dynamic environments.
  • Fault Management: To mimic node failures and execute recovery mechanisms to handle the network in failure conditions.
  1. Analysing Results

After executing the simulation, evaluate the generated trace file to extract parameters like:

  • Energy consumption per node
  • Network throughput
  • Packet loss
  • Latency
  • Network lifetime

From the demonstration we clearly learned the novel concepts that were sophisticated to implement the network sensor management in ns2 that outperforms the better results to manage the network tasks. We plan to deliver more information regarding the network sensor management.

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