How to Implement Next Generation Network in NS2

To implement Next Generation Network (NGN) in NS2 has needs to mimic a network architecture that incorporates multiple types of networks, like wireless, wired, mobile, and fixed-line networks, with support for numerous services like voice, video, and data. NGN concentrates on providing unified, IP-based communication with Quality of Service (QoS), mobility, and security. Here is the step-by-step implementation procedure to implement the Next Generation Network (NGN) in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Understand the Key Components of NGN
  • Converged IP-based network: NGN incoporates voice, data, and multimedia services over IP.
  • Mobility support: Seamless handover among various types of access networks (e.g., WiFi, LTE).
  • Quality of Service (QoS): Prioritization of traffic types like voice, video to maintain performance standards.
  • Security and reliability: Make sure secure communication via various networks.
  1. Set up NS2 Environment

Make sure that NS2 is installed and configured with the necessary modules for mimic the wireless, wired, and mobile communication networks.

  1. Create a TCL Script for NGN Simulation

This sample generates a simple hybrid network with both wired and wireless nodes and that contain multimedia traffic to mimic NGN-like services.

Example TCL Script for Basic NGN Topology:

# Create a new simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Open trace file and NAM output file

set tracefile [open ngn.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open ngn.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Define the wired and wireless topology

# Create wired nodes

set wired0 [$ns node]

set wired1 [$ns node]

set wired2 [$ns node]

# Define wired links between nodes (10 Mbps bandwidth, 10 ms delay)

$ns duplex-link $wired0 $wired1 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $wired1 $wired2 10Mb 10ms DropTail

# Set up a wireless network (Next-generation wireless access)

set val(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel

set val(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround

set val(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna

set val(ll)     LL

set val(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue

set val(ifqlen) 50

set val(mac)    Mac/802_11

set val(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy

set val(rp)     DSDV

set val(x)      500

set val(y)      500

# Create wireless nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < 3} {incr i} {

set wireless($i) [$ns node]

}

# Configure wireless node positions

$wireless(0) set X_ 100

$wireless(0) set Y_ 200

$wireless(1) set X_ 300

$wireless(1) set Y_ 300

$wireless(2) set X_ 400

$wireless(2) set Y_ 100

# Create a wireless base station (BS) node

set bs [$ns node]

# Connect the base station (BS) to the wired network

$ns duplex-link $bs $wired1 100Mb 5ms DropTail

# Wireless node configuration for mobility and communication

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON

# Link wireless nodes to the base station (BS) via wireless communication

for {set i 0} {$i < 3} {incr i} {

$ns duplex-link $wireless($i) $bs 2Mb 20ms DropTail

}

# Create UDP agents for multimedia traffic (between wireless and wired nodes)

# Multimedia flow 1: Wireless to wired (Video Streaming)

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $wireless(0) $udp1

set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $wired2 $null1

$ns connect $udp1 $null1

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 1000

$cbr1 set rate_ 1Mb

$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1

# Multimedia flow 2: Wired to wireless (Voice)

set udp2 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $wired0 $udp2

set null2 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $wireless(2) $null2

$ns connect $udp2 $null2

set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr2 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr2 set rate_ 512Kb

$cbr2 attach-agent $udp2

# Start traffic at different times

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr1 start”

$ns at 2.0 “$cbr2 start”

# Schedule simulation end

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

# Define the finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam ngn.nam &

exit 0

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Explanation of the Key Components
  • Wired and Wireless Nodes: The topology has involves both wired (wired0, wired1, wired2) and wireless (wireless(0), wireless(1), wireless(2)) nodes to mimic an NGN setup with heterogeneous networks.
  • Base Station: A wireless base station (bs) associates the wireless network to the wired network, that mimics the handover among different access technologies.
  • Multimedia Traffic: Two UDP-based multimedia streams are created:
    • Flow 1: Video streaming from a wireless node to a wired node (1 Mbps, 1000 bytes per packet).
    • Flow 2: Voice transmission from a wired node to a wireless node (512 Kbps, 512 bytes per packet).
  • CBR Traffic: Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic is used to mimic multimedia data flow.
  1. Run the Simulation

Save the script as ngn.tcl and executed it using the following command:

ns ngn.tcl

To visualize the simulation in NAM:

nam ngn.nam

  1. Add Mobility to the Wireless Nodes

To mimic mobile devices moving within the NGN, we can add mobility to the wireless nodes. In NS2, we can set up node movement using the setdest command.

Add the following lines to the TCL script after configuring the wireless nodes:

# Set mobility model (mobile node movement)

$ns at 2.0 “$wireless(0) setdest 200 400 5.0”  ;# Node moves to (200, 400) at 5 m/s

$ns at 4.0 “$wireless(1) setdest 150 250 2.0”  ;# Node moves to (150, 250) at 2 m/s

$ns at 6.0 “$wireless(2) setdest 350 450 3.0”  ;# Node moves to (350, 450) at 3 m/s

  1. Implementing QoS for NGN

NGN needs Quality of Service (QoS) to selects multimedia services. We can execute QoS in NS2 by configuring DiffServ (Differentiated Services) or using priority queues.

Example: Priority Queue for Multimedia Traffic

We can add a priority queue for multimedia traffic to make sure higher priority for video and voice streams. Adjust the link configuration to use Queue/CBQ (Class-Based Queuing) for prioritization:

$ns queue-limit $wired0 $wired1 100;# Limit queue length to 100 packets

$ns queue-limit $wired1 $bs 100;# Queue at the BS

We can also use Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) or Random Early Detection (RED) for queue management to manage traffic more efficiently.

  1. Simulate Handover between Networks

To mimic seamless handover among different networks such as WiFi to LTE, we can setup multiple wireless interfaces and mimic the handover process by enthusiastically varying the interaction channel or disconnecting and reconnecting nodes.

Example: Handover Simulation

# Simulate handover (disconnect node from WiFi and reconnect to LTE)

$ns at 5.0 “$ns detach $wireless(0) $bs”   ;# Detach from WiFi at 5 seconds

$ns at 5.5 “$ns attach $wireless(0) $lte_bs”   ;# Reconnect to LTE base station

  1. Analyze the Simulation

After running the simulation, measure the trace file (ngn.tr) to extract performance metrics such as:

  • Throughput: Assess the amount of data successfully transmitted.
  • Packet Loss: Identify any packet loss, specifically for multimedia traffic.
  • Latency and Jitter: Asses the end-to-end delay and jitter for multimedia services, that are crucial for real-time applications such as voice and video.
  • Handover Performance: Validate on how well the network adapts to handover scenarios (if implemented).

We can use AWK or other scripting tools to process the trace file and compute these parameters.

  1. Advanced Features for NGN
  • Security: Execute security mechanisms like encryption or authentication to mimic secure communication via the NGN.
  • Error Modeling: Add error models to wireless links to mimic packet loss because of interference or noise.
  • Cross-Layer Optimization: Execute cross-layer design techniques in which layers share information to enhance network performance like link quality info from the physical layer used by the network layer.
  • Multicast: For efficient multimedia transmission, we can execute multicast routing to offer video streams to multiple receivers efficiently.

The above following steps elaborate on how to create a basic Next Generation Network scenario in NS2 and expand it with advanced characteristics. We will also deliver the techniques employed in executing the Next Generation Network across multiple simulations.

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