How to Implement on VANET Protocols in NS2

To implement Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) protocols in NS2 has needs to setup the network simulation to design the distinct features of VANETs like high mobility, dynamic topology, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Then the NS2 can mimic the VANET protocols such as Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), that is usually adjusted for use in VANET environments. The below is the structured procedure to implement the VANET protocols in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Install NS2

Make sure that NS2 is installed on the system.

Step 2: Set Up the VANET Environment

VANET simulations usually need to configure a mobility model that reflects the movement of vehicles. We can use NS2’s built-in mobility models or generate custom ones to denotes vehicle movement.

Create a New Tcl Script: Open a text editor and generate a new file, for instance, vanet_example.tcl.
Set Up the Simulation Environment: Describe the simulator, configure the network topology, and setup the mobility model.

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define options for the simulation

set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# Channel type

set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# Propagation model

set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# Network interface type

set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type

set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface Queue type

set val(ll) LL ;# Link layer type

set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# Antenna type

set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# Max packet in ifq

set val(nn) 10 ;# Number of vehicles

set val(rp) AODV ;# Routing Protocol

set val(x) 1500 ;# X dimension of topography

set val(y) 300 ;# Y dimension of topography

set val(stop) 100.0 ;# Simulation time

# Initialize the topology object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# Create the God object

create-god $val(nn)

# Configure the nodes (vehicles)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace ON

# Create vehicles (nodes)

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns node]

}

# Define vehicle mobility using the setdest tool (linear movement)

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set x_pos [expr rand()*$val(x)]

set y_pos [expr rand()*$val(y)]

setdest $node_($i) $x_pos $y_pos 20.0

}

Step 3: Set Up Traffic Sources

Configure the interaction among the vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructure.

# Setup a UDP agent and attach it to the first vehicle

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp

# Setup a CBR (Constant Bit Rate) application to generate traffic

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.1

$cbr start

# Setup a Null agent (sink) on another vehicle

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null

# Connect the agents (vehicle-to-vehicle communication)

$ns connect $udp $null

Step 4: Define Simulation End

# Define simulation end time

$ns at $val(stop) “stop”

$ns at $val(stop) “$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)”

$ns at $val(stop) “exit 0”

proc stop {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 5: Run the Simulation

Save the Tcl script (vanet_example.tcl).
Open a terminal and navigate to the directory in which we saved the Tcl script.
Execute the simulation using the following command:

ns vanet_example.tcl

This command will make trace files and optionally a network animation file (if enabled in script).

Step 6: Analyse the Results

Use trace files and the network animator (NAM) to evaluate the performance of the VANET protocol that concentrates on parameters like packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and network overhead.

Step 7: Visualize the Results (Optional)

If we have permitted the network animator (NAM) in the script, we can visualize the simulation:

nam vanet_example.nam

This will open the NAM window, in which we can see the network topology and the behaviour of the VANET protocol during the simulation.

Additional Considerations

Mobility Models: Test with diverse mobility models that better denotes vehicular movement, like the Manhattan Grid model or the Random Waypoint model.
Protocol Selection: Deliberately using or adjusting other protocols that can be better appropriate to VANET scenarios, like DSR, DSDV, or even more specialized VANET protocols such as Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) if available.
Performance Metrics: Evaluate and relate the performance of VANET protocols in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and scalability.

Advanced VANET Simulations

For more realistic and cutting-edge VANET simulations:

Use SUMO or MOVE: Incorporate NS2 with traffic simulators such as Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) or Mobility model generator for Vehicular networks (MOVE) for more realistic vehicular movement.
Consider NS3: If we need more cutting-edge simulation abilities, deliberate using NS3, that has better support for modern networking and vehicular communication scenarios.

We had successfully executed the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network in the tool of ns2 that is used to manage the communication among the VANET setting. If you need more details about the VANET we will provide it.

If you’re looking for the top VANET Protocols in NS2, we can help you with the results of your implementation. We offer personalized services just for you! You can find great research ideas on Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) at ns2project.com. Keep in contact with us for the best outcomes!