How to Implement RIPv2 Protocol in NS2

To implement the Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIP v2) in NS2 has includes to expand the abilities of NS2 by the way it is mainly supports the simple routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, and DSDV. Executing the RIP v2 that has contain the adding support for classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) and route authentication that are the key differences among the RIP v1 and RIP v2. If you want to get best implementation guidance then you can be in touch with us for best results.

The given below are the procedures to implement the RIP v2 in ns2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Understand RIP v2 Protocol

RIP v2 is an improved version of RIP v1 that supports:

Classless routing: Permit the subnet masks to be carried with routes.
Route authentication: To deliver a mechanism to authenticate route updates.
Multicasting: Uses multicast addresses to send updates (as an alternative of broadcasting in RIP v1).

Step 2: Set Up NS2

Make sure NS2 is installed on the system. If necessary, implement patches or expand NS2 to add support for RIP v2 features.

Step 3: Create a Tcl Script for RIP v2 Simulation

Create a New Tcl Script: Open a text editor and generate a new file, for example, ripv2_example.tcl.
Set Up the Simulation Environment: Describe the simulator, network topology, and basic parameters.

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define the network topology and nodes

set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# Channel type

set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# Propagation model

set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# Network interface type

set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type

set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface Queue type

set val(ll) LL ;# Link layer type

set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# Antenna type

set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# Max packet in ifq

set val(nn) 5 ;# Number of nodes (routers)

set val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topography

set val(y) 500 ;# Y dimension of topography

set val(stop) 20.0 ;# Simulation time

# Initialize the topology object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# Create the God object

create-god $val(nn)

# Configure the nodes (routers)

$ns node-config -llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace ON

# Create nodes (routers)

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns node]

}

# Define node positions

$node_(0) set X_ 100.0; $node_(0) set Y_ 100.0

$node_(1) set X_ 200.0; $node_(1) set Y_ 200.0

$node_(2) set X_ 300.0; $node_(2) set Y_ 100.0

$node_(3) set X_ 400.0; $node_(3) set Y_ 200.0

$node_(4) set X_ 500.0; $node_(4) set Y_ 100.0

# Setup links between routers

$ns duplex-link $node_(0) $node_(1) 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $node_(1) $node_(2) 1Mb 20ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $node_(2) $node_(3) 1Mb 30ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $node_(3) $node_(4) 1Mb 40ms DropTail

# Add the RIP v2 routing agent to each node

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set ripv2_agent [new Agent/RIP2]

$ns attach-agent $node_($i) $ripv2_agent

$node_($i) add-agent $ripv2_agent

}

# Setup routing tables (RIP v2 automatically updates based on network changes)

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

$node_($i) instproc start {} {

self instvar agents_

$agents_($self id) send-updates

}

# Define network traffic (UDP)

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp

# Setup a CBR application to generate traffic

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.1

$cbr start

# Setup a Null agent (sink) on the last node

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(4) $null

# Connect the agents

$ns connect $udp $null

Step 4: Set Up Traffic Sources

Describe the communication among the nodes, like data transfers via the network.

# Setup a UDP agent and attach it to the first node

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp

# Setup a CBR application to generate traffic

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.1

$cbr start

# Setup a Null agent (sink) on the last node

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(4) $null

# Connect the agents

$ns connect $udp $null

Step 5: Define Simulation End

# Define simulation end time

$ns at $val(stop) “stop”

$ns at $val(stop) “$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)”

$ns at $val(stop) “exit 0”

proc stop {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 6: Run the Simulation

Save the Tcl script (ripv2_example.tcl).
Open a terminal and navigate to the directory in which we can save the Tcl script.
Execute the simulation using the following command:

ns ripv2_example.tcl

This command will produce the trace files and optionally a network animation file (if enabled in script).

Step 7: Analyse the Results

Use trace files and the network animator (NAM) to evaluate the performance of the RIP v2 protocol that concentrate on parameters like route convergence time, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and network overhead.

Additional Considerations

Implementing RIP v2 features: If we need to emulate more advanced characteristics of RIP v2 such as CIDR and route authentication that needs to expand the NS2’s abilities or execute the particular patches.
Testing: Validate the RIP v2 in numerous network topologies and scenarios to evaluate its performance.
Extending NS2: For more accurate RIPv2 simulation, deliberate to expanding NS2 with custom modules or switching to a more advanced network simulator such as NS3.

In the conclusion, we provided the significant procedures and the sample snippets that were help to execute the RIPv2 protocol in the ns2 simulation tool. Additional specific details regarding the RIPv2 are also provided.