How to Implement Smart City networking in ns2

To implement Smart City Networking in NS2 has need to mimic a network that incorporate the several components such as traffic management systems, energy grids, healthcare systems, and other IoT devices to generate a connected urban environment. Smart city networks usually need the incorporated of multiple types of communication protocols and technologies that has wireless sensor networks (WSNs), vehicular networks, and IoT-based communications.

Consult the provided manual for guidance on establishing Smart City networking using ns2.

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Understand Smart City Network Components:
  • IoT Devices: Sensors and devices used for monitoring and controlling numerous contexts of the city, like traffic lights, street lights, environmental sensors, etc.
  • Communication Nodes: Nodes that facilitate communication among the IoT devices, vehicles, and centralized control systems.
  • Vehicular Nodes: Vehicles equipped with interaction abilities that can communicate with roadside infrastructure and other vehicles.
  • Centralized Control Systems: Servers or data centres that process and handles the data collected from the city’s IoT infrastructure.
  1. Set Up the NS2 Environment:
  • Make sure NS2 is installed on the system.
  • Understand with writing TCL scripts, as NS2 simulations are controlled through TCL.
  1. Define the Network Topology:
  • Generate nodes that signify the IoT devices, communication nodes, vehicular nodes, and centralized control systems. These nodes will communicate to mimic the smart city operations.

# Define the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create a trace file for analysis

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

# Create a NAM file for animation

set namfile [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 10

# Set up the network parameters

set opt(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel      ;# Channel type

set opt(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround     ;# Radio-propagation model

set opt(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy              ;# Network interface type

set opt(mac)    Mac/802_11                   ;# MAC type

set opt(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue      ;# Interface queue type

set opt(ll)     LL                           ;# Link layer type

set opt(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna          ;# Antenna model

set opt(ifqlen) 50                           ;# Max packet in ifq

set opt(x)      2000                         ;# X dimension of the topography

set opt(y)      2000                         ;# Y dimension of the topography

set opt(adhocRouting) AODV                   ;# Ad hoc routing protocol (suitable for decentralized networks)

# Create a topography object

create-god 100

# Configure the nodes (e.g., IoT devices, communication nodes, vehicular nodes, centralized control systems)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \

-llType $opt(ll) \

-macType $opt(mac) \

-ifqType $opt(ifq) \

-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \

-antType $opt(ant) \

-propType $opt(prop) \

-phyType $opt(netif) \

-channelType $opt(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace OFF \

-movementTrace ON

# Create nodes: IoT Devices, Communication Nodes, Vehicular Nodes, Centralized Control

set iot1 [$ns node]       ;# IoT Device 1 (e.g., environmental sensor)

set iot2 [$ns node]       ;# IoT Device 2 (e.g., smart street light)

set comm_node1 [$ns node] ;# Communication Node 1

set vehicle1 [$ns node]   ;# Vehicular Node 1 (e.g., connected car)

set control_center [$ns node] ;# Centralized Control System

# Set initial positions for the nodes

$iot1 set X_ 500.0

$iot1 set Y_ 500.0

$iot1 set Z_ 0.0

$iot2 set X_ 1500.0

$iot2 set Y_ 1500.0

$iot2 set Z_ 0.0

$comm_node1 set X_ 1000.0

$comm_node1 set Y_ 1000.0

$comm_node1 set Z_ 0.0

$vehicle1 set X_ 800.0

$vehicle1 set Y_ 1200.0

$vehicle1 set Z_ 0.0

$control_center set X_ 1800.0

$control_center set Y_ 1800.0

$control_center set Z_ 0.0

  1. Simulate Communication Between Nodes:
  • Configure the communication links among the IoT devices, communication nodes, vehicles, and the centralized control system.

# Create duplex links between IoT Devices and Communication Node

$ns duplex-link $iot1 $comm_node1 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $iot2 $comm_node1 10Mb 10ms DropTail

# Create duplex link between Communication Node and Control Center

$ns duplex-link $comm_node1 $control_center 100Mb 5ms DropTail

# Create duplex link between Vehicle and Communication Node

$ns duplex-link $vehicle1 $comm_node1 10Mb 10ms DropTail

  1. Simulate Data Transmission:
  • Execute the data transmission among IoT devices, vehicles, and the control center.

# IoT Device 1 sends data to the Control Center via Communication Node

set tcp_iot1 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $iot1 $tcp_iot1

set tcp_control_sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $control_center $tcp_control_sink

$ns connect $tcp_iot1 $tcp_control_sink

# Start sending data from IoT Device 1

set app_iot1 [new Application/FTP]

$app_iot1 attach-agent $tcp_iot1

$ns at 1.0 “$app_iot1 start”

# Vehicle sends data to the Control Center via Communication Node

set tcp_vehicle1 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle1 $tcp_vehicle1

# Start sending data from Vehicle

set app_vehicle1 [new Application/FTP]

$app_vehicle1 attach-agent $tcp_vehicle1

$ns at 2.0 “$app_vehicle1 start”

  1. Implement IoT Data Aggregation:
  • Execute data aggregation at the communication nodes in which data from multiple IoT devices is integrated before being sent to the control center.

# Example procedure to aggregate data at Communication Node 1

proc aggregate_data {src1 src2 dst} {

global ns

puts “Aggregating data from $src1 and $src2 at Communication Node 1”

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.1] “$src1 send packet to $dst”

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.1] “$src2 send packet to $dst”

}

# Schedule data aggregation

$ns at 3.0 “aggregate_data $iot1 $iot2 $control_center”

  1. Simulate Traffic Management (Optional):
  • Execute a basic traffic management scenario in which vehicles interact with traffic lights or other vehicles.

# Example of vehicle communicating with traffic light (IoT Device 2)

proc vehicle_traffic_interaction {vehicle traffic_light} {

global ns

puts “Vehicle $vehicle is interacting with Traffic Light $traffic_light”

# Simulate data exchange for traffic control

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.1] “$vehicle send packet to $traffic_light”

}

# Schedule vehicle-traffic light interaction

$ns at 4.0 “vehicle_traffic_interaction $vehicle1 $iot2”

  1. Run the Simulation:
  • Describe as they the simulation should terminate and executed it. The finish procedure will close the trace files and launch NAM for visualization.

# Define the finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Schedule the finish procedure at 10 seconds

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Analyse the Results:
  • Use the trace file (out.tr) to evaluate data transmission, network performance, and communication among smart city components.
  • Open the NAM file (out.nam) to visualize the network operations and monitor the communication among IoT devices, vehicles, communication nodes, and the control center.
  1. Customize and Extend:
  • We can customize the simulation by:
    • Attaching more IoT devices, vehicles, and communication nodes to generate a more complex smart city network.
    • Execute an advanced smart city scenarios, like real-time traffic monitoring, smart grid energy management, or emergency response coordination.
    •  To mimic diverse scenarios, like changing traffic conditions, network failures, or real-time data processing challenges.

Example Summary:

This sample configures a simple Smart City Networking simulation in NS2 that concentrates on communication among the IoT devices, vehicles, communication nodes, and a centralized control system. The simulation will show on how numerous the smart city components can communicate and distribute data to generate an associated urban environment.

Advanced Considerations:

  • For more complex scenarios, deliberately incorporate NS2 with specialized tools or evolving custom modules to mimic an advanced smart city technologies, like edge computing, fog computing, or real-time data analytics.
  • Expand the simulation to contain advanced features such as Quality of Service (QoS) management, security like encryption, authentication, or fault tolerance in smart city networks.

Debugging and Optimization:

  • Use the trace-all command to debug the simulation and evaluate the packet flows.
  • Enhance the simulation by refining communication protocols, adapting the data aggregation approaches, and tuning network metrics for better performance and efficiency.

This demonstration offers the complete procedure on how the smart city networking will execute in the various environments using the ns2 tool and also we provide more information regarding the smart city networking. Additionally, we offer assistance with traffic management systems, energy grids, healthcare systems, and various IoT devices relevant to your projects. For optimal support and to obtain thesis ideas and topics, please reach out to ns2project.com.