How to Implement UAV based VANET in ns2

To implement a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)-based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) in NS2 has needs to emulate a network that UAVs communicate with vehicles on the ground. The UAVs can improve VANETs by delivering aerial communication relays, enhancing the coverage, and enabling interaction among the distant vehicles. The given below is the procedure to implementing a UAV-based VANET in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Set Up the NS2 Environment:
  • Make sure NS2 is installed on the system with support for wireless simulations.
  • Adapt with writing TCL scripts, as NS2 simulations are controlled across TCL.
  1. Define the Network Topology:
  • Generate a topology that involves vehicles (ground nodes) and UAVs (aerial nodes). The vehicles will interact with each other and with the UAVs.

# Define the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create a trace file for analysis

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

# Create a NAM file for animation

set namfile [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 10

# Set up the wireless network parameters

set opt(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel      ;# Channel type

set opt(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround     ;# Radio-propagation model

set opt(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy              ;# Network interface type

set opt(mac)    Mac/802_11                   ;# MAC type

set opt(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue      ;# Interface queue type

set opt(ll)     LL                           ;# Link layer type

set opt(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna          ;# Antenna model

set opt(ifqlen) 50                           ;# Max packet in ifq

set opt(x)      1000                         ;# X dimension of the topography

set opt(y)      1000                         ;# Y dimension of the topography

set opt(adhocRouting) AODV                   ;# Routing protocol for VANET

# Create a topography object

create-god 30

# Configure the nodes

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \

-llType $opt(ll) \

-macType $opt(mac) \

-ifqType $opt(ifq) \

-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \

-antType $opt(ant) \

-propType $opt(prop) \

-phyType $opt(netif) \

-channelType $opt(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace OFF \

-movementTrace ON

# Create nodes: UAVs and vehicles

set uav1 [$ns node]   ;# UAV 1 (aerial node)

set uav2 [$ns node]   ;# UAV 2 (aerial node)

set vehicle1 [$ns node]  ;# Vehicle 1 (ground node)

set vehicle2 [$ns node]  ;# Vehicle 2 (ground node)

set vehicle3 [$ns node]  ;# Vehicle 3 (ground node)

# Set initial positions for the UAVs and vehicles

$uav1 set X_ 500.0

$uav1 set Y_ 800.0

$uav1 set Z_ 300.0  ;# Higher Z coordinate indicates altitude

$uav2 set X_ 600.0

$uav2 set Y_ 900.0

$uav2 set Z_ 300.0  ;# Higher Z coordinate indicates altitude

$vehicle1 set X_ 200.0

$vehicle1 set Y_ 200.0

$vehicle1 set Z_ 0.0  ;# Ground level

$vehicle2 set X_ 300.0

$vehicle2 set Y_ 300.0

$vehicle2 set Z_ 0.0  ;# Ground level

$vehicle3 set X_ 400.0

$vehicle3 set Y_ 400.0

$vehicle3 set Z_ 0.0  ;# Ground level

  1. Define Mobility Models:
  • Configure mobility for both the UAVs and the vehicles. UAVs will have diverse mobility patterns that relates to vehicles.

# Define mobility for UAV 1

$ns at 1.0 “$uav1 setdest 700.0 900.0 20.0”

$ns at 3.0 “$uav1 setdest 400.0 600.0 20.0”

# Define mobility for UAV 2

$ns at 1.0 “$uav2 setdest 500.0 800.0 25.0”

$ns at 3.0 “$uav2 setdest 600.0 900.0 25.0”

# Define mobility for Vehicle 1

$ns at 1.0 “$vehicle1 setdest 300.0 300.0 15.0”

$ns at 3.0 “$vehicle1 setdest 400.0 400.0 15.0”

# Define mobility for Vehicle 2

$ns at 1.0 “$vehicle2 setdest 400.0 400.0 15.0”

$ns at 3.0 “$vehicle2 setdest 500.0 500.0 15.0”

# Define mobility for Vehicle 3

$ns at 1.0 “$vehicle3 setdest 500.0 500.0 15.0”

$ns at 3.0 “$vehicle3 setdest 600.0 600.0 15.0”

  1. Simulate Communication Between Nodes:
  • Configure the interaction among the UAVs and vehicles using TCP or UDP agents. The UAVs can relay information among vehicles or provide data to them.

# Vehicle 1 sends data to UAV 1

set udp_vehicle1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle1 $udp_vehicle1

set udp_uav1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $uav1 $udp_uav1

$ns connect $udp_vehicle1 $udp_uav1

# Vehicle 2 sends data to UAV 2

set udp_vehicle2 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle2 $udp_vehicle2

set udp_uav2 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $uav2 $udp_uav2

$ns connect $udp_vehicle2 $udp_uav2

# Vehicle 3 sends data to Vehicle 1 through UAV 1

set udp_vehicle3 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle3 $udp_vehicle3

set udp_vehicle1_sink [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle1 $udp_vehicle1_sink

$ns connect $udp_vehicle3 $udp_vehicle1_sink

# Start sending traffic

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr1 set interval_ 0.05

$cbr1 attach-agent $udp_vehicle1

$ns at 2.0 “$cbr1 start”

set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr2 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr2 set interval_ 0.05

$cbr2 attach-agent $udp_vehicle2

$ns at 2.5 “$cbr2 start”

set cbr3 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr3 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr3 set interval_ 0.05

$cbr3 attach-agent $udp_vehicle3

$ns at 3.0 “$cbr3 start”

  1. Run the Simulation:
  • Describe as they the simulation should terminate and execute it. The finish procedure will close the trace files and take-off NAM for visualization.

# Define the finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Schedule the finish procedure at 10 seconds

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Analyse the Results:
  • Use the trace file (out.tr) to evaluate packet delivery, delays, throughput, and other performance metrics.
  • Open the NAM file (out.nam) to think about the network operations and track the communication among UAVs and vehicles.
  1. Customize and Extend:
  • We can modify the simulation by:
    • Attach more UAVs and vehicles, changing their mobility patterns.
    • Execute the particular routing protocols that intended for VANETs with UAV involvement.
    • Establishing scenarios like traffic congestion, obstacles, or network failures to see how the UAVs can contribute to enhance communication.
    • To replicate emergency response scenarios in which UAVs support in providing real-time data to vehicles.

Example Summary:

This sample configures a simple UAV-based VANET simulation in NS2. UAVs can interact with vehicles on the ground, and they help in relaying information among the vehicles or delivering the additional data coverage. The simulation has includes a simple mobility and communication between the UAVs and vehicles.

Advanced Considerations:

  • For more complex scenarios, we might want to discover adaptive routing protocols in which UAVs dynamically adapts routes according to the network conditions.
  • Execute multi-UAV coordination to handles the communication over larger areas, that can involves task distribution, load balancing, and failure recovery.

Debugging and Optimization:

  • Use the trace-all command to debug the simulation and evaluate the packet flows.
  • To enhance the simulation by decontaminating mobility models, modifying the communication protocols, and tuning network parameters.

In the above procedure, we had completely evaluated and analysed the results for compiling the simulation to enhance the communication by using the UAV-VANET features that executed in ns2 tool and also offer the more information regarding the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)-based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET). You may rely on our developers to carry out the ns2 application’s UAV-based VANET. Give us the specifics of your study, and we will provide you with top-notch assistance with performance analysis.