How to Implement Wireless Sensor Network in ns2
To implement a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in ns2 has needs to encompass to configure the simulation environment especially personalized for WSNs that involves describing the sensor nodes, configuring communication protocols, and specifying the sensor network’s features. The given below are the step-by-step implementation procedure for Wireless Sensor Network in ns2.
Step-by-Step Implementation:
Step 1: Install ns2 with WSN Support
Make sure that we have ns2 installed with WSN support and the simple ns2 installation should suffice, but make sure it involves the essential modules for wireless and sensor networks.
Step 2: Create the Tcl Script
Generate a Tcl script like wsn_simulation.tcl that states the WSN environment that has node configuration, communication protocols, and traffic patterns.
Example Tcl Script
# Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Define the topography object
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000
# Create the General Operations Director (GOD) for wireless simulations
create-god 10 # Number of nodes in the network
# Configure node settings for sensor networks
$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSR \
-llType LL \
-macType Mac/802_11 \
-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \
-ifqLen 50 \
-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \
-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \
-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \
-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace OFF
# Open trace and NAM files for recording the simulation
set tracefile [open wsn_out.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
set namfile [open wsn_out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 1000 1000
# Define a finish procedure to close files and end the simulation
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam wsn_out.nam &
exit 0
}
# Create wireless sensor nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < 10} {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns node]
}
# Set initial positions for the sensor nodes
$node_(0) set X_ 100.0
$node_(0) set Y_ 200.0
$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(1) set X_ 200.0
$node_(1) set Y_ 300.0
$node_(1) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(2) set X_ 300.0
$node_(2) set Y_ 400.0
$node_(2) set Z_ 0.0
#… (set positions for other nodes similarly)
# Define sensor data traffic
# CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic from sensor node 0 to node 9
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $node_(9) $null
$ns connect $udp $null
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$cbr set packetSize_ 100
$cbr set interval_ 0.1 # Sending data every 0.1 second
$cbr start 2.0
# Schedule the end of the simulation
$ns at 100.0 “finish”
# Run the simulation
$ns run
Step 3: Run the Tcl Script
Save Tcl script with a .tcl extension like wsn_simulation.tcl and execute the script, open a terminal and implement the following command:
ns wsn_simulation.tcl
This command will execute the simulation and make a trace file (wsn_out.tr) and a NAM file (wsn_out.nam).
Step 4: Visualize the WSN
To visualize the WSN simulation, open the NAM file with the following command:
nam wsn_out.nam
NAM will launch and display the wireless sensor nodes and their communication.
Script Explanation
- Simulator Object: $ns [new Simulator] generator the simulator instance.
- Topography: The topography object ($topo) describes the simulation area size, which is set to 1000×1000.
- Node Configuration: $ns node-config sets the wireless node metrics that has routing protocol (DSR), MAC type (802.11), and antenna type (OmniAntenna).
- Node Placement: Sensor nodes are placed at that particular (X, Y, Z) coordinates using the set X_, set Y_, and set Z_ commands.
- Traffic Definition: CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic is defined from one sensor node to another that emulates the data communication in a WSN.
- Finish Procedure: To terminate the procedure that cleans up and closes files at the end of the simulation.
Customization
- Increase Node Count: Add more sensor nodes by adjusting the loop in the script.
- Change Mobility: We need to execute the diverse mobility models if required by adjusts the node positions enthusiastically.
- Adjust Traffic Patterns: maximize or minimize the traffic load by adjusting the CBR traffic parameters like packetSize_ and interval_.
- Experiment with Different Protocols: we need to vary the routing protocol from DSR to others such as AODV or LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) for energy-efficient routing in WSNs.
Advanced Features
- Energy Models: we can include the energy models to emulate power consumption in sensor nodes.
- Mobility Models: Execute mobility models to mimic the movement of sensor nodes.
- Interference Models: Adapt the propagation models to emulate diverse types of wireless interference.
- Hierarchical Network Topologies: Execute cluster-based or hierarchical network topologies for large-scale WSNs.
In the conclusion, we get knowledge about how to setup the simulation and execute the wireless sensor network in the network using the tool of ns2 tool. Additional specific details regarding the wireless sensor network also provided.
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