The different conclusions about transparency in engine torque and throttle versus vehicle speed also explicitly highlight the fact that transparency considerations inevitably depend on the signals of interest. Transparency is not an independent property of the system, and may be better for some output signals than others. In this particular work, for example, the transparency is better for the vehicle speed signal, because it is filtered through the vehicle inertia, and is thus smoother than the engine torque and throttle signals. Designing a Peer Support System for Computer Programming Courses Using Online Social Networking Software The different conclusions about the transparency for different output signals also point out different strategies for improving transparency. If the engine torque or throttle is the signal of interest, and a better transparency is desired, then the conclusion from the analysis is that the efforts to improve transparency should focus on reducing the effect of distributing the simulation by changing the communication architecture rather than trying to compensate for delay, jitter, and/or loss of the Internet by designing a Smith predictor, unless the delay is high. Designing a Peer Support System for Computer Programming Courses Using Online Social Networking Software If the signal of interest is vehicle speed, on the other hand, an improvement in transparency may require attention to time delay first as the delay increases. It is important to keep in mind that besides the output signal of interest, the transparency results presented above are also specific to the chosen coupling point and communication architecture. A different coupling point, such as at the engine output shaft, and a different communication architecture, such as one that is not event-based, but perhaps passive, could produce different results in terms of transparency. Hence, evaluating alternative coupling points and communication architectures Designing a Peer Support System for Computer Programming Courses Using Online Social Networking Software could be an interesting continuation of this work. The fact that the bandwidth of a human driver will not be as high as the driver model suggests that the transparency degradation may be even less significant from a human driver’s perspective. This also motivates the development of a frequency-based approach to analyzing transparency, and may also be an important future direction. The proposed transparency analysis technique provides away to characterize transparency in stochastic systems. Since it is a statistical analysis, all the conclusions regarding the significances of the observed differences, which lead to conclusions about the significances of the degradations in transparency, are to be understood in a statistical sense. Further engineering judgment would complement these statistical conclusions. Designing a Peer Support System for Computer Programming Courses Using Online Social Networking Software In other words, the proposed analysis only considers the statistical significance, but not the engineering significance. Hence, it is possible that even though the analysis Designing a Peer Support System for Computer Programming Courses Using Online Social Networking Software concludes that there is a statistically significant difference between two configurations, the difference may still be insignificant from an engineering point of view.THE trend toward integrated system-on-a-chip has resulted in combining analog and digital components on a single chip. Due to this integration, switching noise generated by the digital circuitry is coupled to the chip substrate through transistor junction, interconnect and bond-pad capacitances Supply noise from the digital supplies is also injected through the bulk connections of the digital gates. The combined effects of these two mechanisms results in large noise currents that can degrade analog performance by changing the transistor body potential and by altering the power and ground voltage levels In recent years, many techniques have been developed tosuppress the substrate noise coupling to analog circuitry. Designing a Peer Support System for Computer Programming Courses Using Online Social Networking Software